建设项目竣工环保验收监测的反思

建设项目竣工验收监测，是对项目取得排污权前的一次“体检”，是对污染源的监视性监测。在阐述建设项目验收监测作用的基础上，指出了验收监测存在的缺陷，并从节能减排的高度，提出了相应的对策。     

印刷线路板废弃物的热解与动力学实验研究

分别应用管式炉反应器和热重分析手段对印刷线路板废弃物的热解行为和热解动力学进行了实验研究.在管式炉中,研究不同的热解温度:700～950℃,对产物分布和气体成分分布的影响.实验结果表明:PCB热解气体的主要成分是H2和CO2,气体的热值较低,仅为2.09～5.41 MJ/m3,PCB不适合以气体产物为目标的能源利用方式.应用Friedman方法对PCB的热解动力学进行了研究,求得PCB的热解动力学参数分别是:表观活化能190.92 kJ/mol,反应级数5.97,指前因子lnA47.14 min-1.     

电子与电器废弃物资源化处理技术

当今世界电子、电器工业快速发展，层出不穷的技术创新与持续膨胀的市场需求加速了电子与电器设备的更新换代，产生了大量的电子与电器废弃物（WEEE）。鉴于WEEE所带来的严重的环境问题及其所含有的金属、贵金属、塑料及玻璃等高利用价值的材料，对WEEE进行资源化再循环处理已成为人们关注的热点。WEEE组成材料在密度、铁磁性、导电性等物理性质方面的较大差异使采用环境友好的机械物理方法对其进行资源化再循环处理成为可能。就WEEE拆解及其所含物质机械物理分离研究进展进行了综述。     

易腐性有机垃圾的产生与处理技术途径比较

我国城市垃圾以易腐性有机垃圾为主.目前有关管理部门提出逐步减少进入填埋场的易腐性有机垃圾量,因此,必须寻求其他填埋替代技术消纳易腐性有机垃圾物流.本文对几种常规技术方案进行了比较.认为应该根据非餐饮业和餐饮业易腐性有机垃圾各自的产生源特点,采取不同的处理方案;但目前这些替代技术用于处理易腐垃圾时均存在各自的缺陷.本文据此提出了相应的技术完善要求和配套管理政策建议.     

固体XM菌剂对生活垃圾减容和除臭的研究

在密闭的容器中考察不同条件下固体XM菌剂对生活垃圾的减容和除臭效果.结果表明,固体XM菌剂不但可防止新鲜生活垃圾变臭,而且对已产生的生活垃圾臭味具有明显的消除效果.固体XM菌剂可使新鲜的生活垃圾在降解过程中仅产生少量臭味,到15 d时基本消失并产生酯香气味,减容量可达46%.用质量分数为3%的固体XM菌剂处理已发臭的生活垃圾,15 d时氨气和硫化氢的释放量分别减少54.8%和49.0%.此外,保持较高的温度以及50%～60%的垃圾含水量,除臭效果最佳.从垃圾降解过程中渗滤液的产生量、澄清度、酸碱度和气味的变化分析得出,固体XM菌剂已成为垃圾发酵过程中的主导菌群,这可能是生活垃圾除臭的根本原因.     

Investigation of Synthesis of Copolymers from the Waste Products of Industrial Oil Refinement having Adhesion Properties and Strength to the Thermal Destruction

In this study, the waste products of industrial vegetable oil refinement were transformed into the glycidyl ester for preventing the effects of them to the environment, the ways for evaluating them in polymer chemistry were investigated, copolymers having high adhesion property and strength to the thermal destruction were synthesized and the area of their usage was determined. For this reason, the waste product of sunflower oil refination as a vegetable oil in the industry; soap stock (SS) was converted to the unsaturated glycidyl esters by the interaction with epichlorohidrine in the alkaline medium. After that the copolymerization of synthesized unsaturated glycidyl esters and the other waste product of oil refinement fatty acid (FA) with styrene in the radicalic initiator medium were investigated and copolymers that have high strength to the thermal destruction and adhesion property were synthesized. From the results of TGA and DTA analysis, it was determined that synthesized copolymers have low loss of weight at high temperature. The structures of copolymers were fixed by spectral and chemical analysis methods.     

城市生活垃圾的热解产气特性

以城市生活垃圾中的可燃组分为实际物料,在外热式固定床热解实验台上,通过对比不同物料在不同加热温度的情况,研究了垃圾热解的产气特性,对影响产气特性的因素进行了探讨.     

城市生活垃圾填埋场选址研究

城市生活垃圾填埋场址的选择涉及到自然地理因素，地质因素、水文地质因素、工程地质因素，社会、经济、法律、交通运输、环境保护等因素，是一项十分复杂的工作。在综述前人城市生活垃圾填埋场选址方法的基础上，提出了用环境系统工程的原理来研究垃圾填埋场选址的问题。阐明影响因子的选择过程。     

INEQUITIES FOR SMALL FOOD PROCESSING PLANTS RESULTING FROM LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT REGULATIONS1

ABSTRACT: The cost of the liquid wast treatment measures required to meet federal as well as typical state and local regulations was examined for dairy processing plants of various sizes. Federal effluent standards were found to produce higher estimated capital costs per unit of raw material for smaller plants, even with relaxed requirements for smaller plants. State regulations limiting the effluent BOD₅- concentration were also found to result in inequitable costs for smaller processors. These inequities result from economies of scale and not such factors as level of process technology employed or amount of waste produced per unit of raw material. In contrast, applying an example sewer surcharge formula did not produce inequities from economies of scale.     

煤矸石－粉煤灰－废石膏烧结陶粒

采用制粒烧结工艺成功地把煤矸石、粉煤灰及废石膏（或烟气脱硫污泥）制备成建筑用轻质陶粒，实现了对上述固体废物的资源化和稳定化。煤矸石等的配料比以及粉状原料的颗粒尺寸分布是在成球盘中制粒的主要影响因素。烧结过程中的影响因素较多，但烧结温度是影响产品质量的主要因素。煤矸石－粉煤灰－废石膏陶粒烧结过程发生在９５０—１２５０℃，最佳烧结温度为１２００±５０℃，制得的陶位坚硬如岩石，容重等级为９００，筒压强度为９—１５ＭＰａ，超过ＧＢ２８３８－８１的筒压强度≥６．５ＭＰａ的规定。