不同营养水平下苦草对附着和浮游藻类的影响

通过室内培养,研究了不同营养盐浓度下苦草对附着藻类和浮游藻类的影响,同时比较了两种藻类对不同营养盐浓度的响应,结果发现附着藻类在中高营养盐浓度下生物量较高而浮游藻类在中低营养盐浓度下生物量较高,虽然两者对营养盐的响应不一致,但其最大量都出现在中高浓度的营养盐状态下。在中低营养盐浓度下(ρTN=0.4～2.5mg/L),苦草促进附着藻类而抑制浮游藻类,即相比于浮游藻类而言,附着藻类对苦草的敏感性较低。在较高营养盐浓度(ρTN=4.5～6.5mg/L)下,苦草对附着藻类产生了极显著的抑制作用,且这种抑制作用随着营养盐浓度的增加而增强,在ρTN=6.5mg/L的处理条件下,苦草对附着藻类的抑制率近80%,但是在此营养盐浓度处理下,苦草对浮游藻类的抑制作用却减弱甚至消失了。     

太湖沼泽化评价方法的建立及应用

为了研究太湖的沼泽化现状,在考虑太湖生态类型空间分布多样性特征的基础上,遵循以水生植物为主、促淤效应为辅的沼泽化评价原则,选取水生植物类型、水生植物生物量、沉积速率、平均水深为指标,构建了沼泽化定量评价体系,并对太湖沼泽化综合指数进行分湖区计算.结果表明,太湖沼泽化程度可分3个水平:处于沼泽化盛期的东太湖,其沼泽化综合指数为2.81,为全湖最高;处于沼泽化前期的东部滨岸区、贡湖和南部沿岸区,其沼泽化综合指数分别为1.36、1.19、1.18;不存在沼泽化问题的梅梁湾、西部沿岸区及湖心区,其沼泽化综合指数分别为0.90、0.79、0.05.对沼泽化程度严重的东太湖有必要采取人工生物量控制、生态清淤、围网养殖规划等减缓沼泽化进程的治理措施.     

太湖大型水生植物的管理探讨

太湖是我国的第三大浅水湖泊,其东、西太湖两部分的水体状况、水生植被差异甚大。西太湖大部分水域出现严重的藻型富营养化,许多水生植被消失,水质恶化;东太湖水生植物群落结构发生变化,沼生植物比例增大,湖泊沼泽化严重。针对东、西太湖的具体情况,参考国内外湖泊治理的经验,本文提出了对东、西太湖水生植被采取相应管理措施的建议。     

不同净水工艺对乙醛的控制效果研究

在实验室条件下研究了传统水处理工艺和粉末活性炭吸附、吹脱及臭氧氧化等几种常见应急净水技术对乙醛的处理效果,发现其对水中乙醛的控制效果不佳;活性炭对乙醛吸附效果不佳,导致滤池穿透时间极短,新炭也仅为10 h左右,不足以应对乙醛污染.微生物对乙醛降解作用显著,驯化后的生物活性炭滤池(BAC)13 min内可将水中1.5 mg/L的乙醛降低到标准限值0.05 mg/L以下.水厂在用活性炭滤池中的微生物菌群实验条件下驯化时间约为4～30 h,原有菌落成熟且稳定的活性炭需要的驯化、调整时间反而更长.通过抑制颗粒活性炭表面原微生物活性或人工投加驯化菌种可有效地将驯化时间从30 h左右缩短至4 h以下.     

基于信息扩散法的区域规划环境风险评价方法探讨

针对规划区域环境风险源分布零散、突发性风险事故多发的特点,基于信息扩散法,结合VBA编程以及arcGIS软件,从区域规划确定的各种潜在风险源企业可能发生的突发性事故出发,积极探索出较为科学的、操作性强的区域规划环境风险评价技术方法,为区域规划的环境风险分析及风险决策管理提供技术支持与参考。     

静态条件下沉水植物净化污水厂尾水能力研究

为了解沉水植物对污水处理厂尾水水质净化效果,研究了滇池流域常见的5种沉水植物对昆明市第五污水处理厂尾水的净化能力。通过室外模拟、实验室测定,分析了单一种沉水植物对水环境质量的改善能力。结果表明:5种沉水植物均有一定能力去除水体中总磷、总氮、氨氮、COD,但随着沉水植物的生长,其叶片的腐烂分解又提高了水体氮磷等有机物的含量。该研究从水体水质的多个指标可见,苦草、马来眼子菜和金鱼藻在各方面表现能力均较强,可作为滇池流域河道水体修复优先选用的物种。以污水厂活性污泥和红壤混合物作为底质,在静态条件下菹草和浮叶眼子菜在污水厂尾水中很难长期存活下来,作为构建富营养化水体生态修复方案还需进一步研究。     

Resolving the influence of nitrogen abundances on sediment organic matter in macrophyte-dominated lakes, using fluorescence spectroscopy

A controlled experiment was designed to resolve the influence of nitrogen abundance on sediment organic matters in macrophyte-dominated lakes using fluorescence analysis. Macrophyte biomass showed coincident growth trends with time, but different variation rates with nitrogen treatment. All plant growth indexes with nitrogen addition (N, NH₄Cl 100, 200, 400 mg/kg, respectively) were lower than those of the control group. Four humiclike components, two autochthonous tryptophan-like components, and one autochthonous tyrosine-like component were identified using the parallel factor analysis model. The results suggested that the relative component changes of fluorescence in the colonized sediments were in direct relation to the change of root biomass with time. In the experiment, the root formation parameters of the plants studied were significantly affected by adding N in sediments, whichmay be related to the reason that the root growthwas affected byNaddition. Adding a low concentration of N to sediments can play a part in supplying nutrients to the plants. However, the intensive uptake of NH₄⁺ may result in an increase in the intracellular concentration of ammonia, which is highly toxic to the plant cells. Hence, our experiment results manifested that organic matter cycling in the macrophyte-dominated sediment was influenced by nitrogen enrichment through influencing vegetation and relevant microbial activity.     

沉水植物衰亡过程中营养盐的释放过程及规律

在实验室模拟条件下研究了常见沉水植物苦草、金鱼藻在自然衰亡过程中主要营养盐氮、磷的释放过程,探索沉水植物衰亡过程中营养盐的释放规律. 结果表明:秋、冬季低温条件下,苦草、金鱼藻逐渐衰亡腐败,该过程向水体中释放的氮、磷很少,大部分氮、磷保留在植物残体中. 至次年天气回暖后,植物体的腐败分解有所加快,向水体释放氮、磷并有部分氮、磷沉积进入底泥. 苦草、金鱼藻具有较低的分解速度,有利于降低系统中氮、磷的循环速度. 残留植物体的生物量可影响植物体的分解速度和程度,较大的生物残留量会引起水体缺氧,植物残体分解加剧,导致水质严重恶化.      

人工复合生态系统对太湖局部水域水质的净化作用

根据不同生态类型水生高等植物的净化能力及其微生境特点,设计建造了由漂浮、浮叶、沉水植物及其根际微生物等组成的人工复合生态系统（artificialcomplexecosystem;AcE）,并在太湖五里湖中桥湖湾内以动态模拟试验,从群落水平研究了多种水生植物镶嵌组合的人工复合生态系统对富营养化湖水的净化能力。结果表明,富营养化湖水经该系统净化后,藻类生物量（以Chla计）下降58％,氨氮下降66％,总氮下降60％,总磷下降72％,可溶性磷酸盐下降80％,水质得到明显改善。与以该湖湾湖水为水源的水厂出水相比,人工复合生态系统出水的氨氮比水厂出水的氨氮平均低45％,总氮低37％,可见经人工复合生态系统处理的湖水部分指标优于同源的自来水。     

Antecedents and consequences of collective psychological ownership: The validation of a conceptual model

We investigate team member feelings of collective psychological ownership (CPO) over teamwork products, the psychological paths that lead to it, and its impact on team workers' evaluations of team effectiveness, turnover intentions, and intentions to champion teamwork products. We focus on the teamwork product as an important target of ownership feelings, building on theories of self-extension, psychological ownership, and team emergent states. In Study 1, we validate measures for three ownership activating experiences (OAE) that have been proposed as paths to CPO (control over, intimate knowledge regarding, and investment in the teamwork product) using two samples of individual team workers (n = 210 and n = 140). In Study 2 (n = 183) and Study 3 (n = 200), we use surveys and a multiwave design to show that team workers' feelings of CPO mediate the relationship between investment in and intimate knowledge regarding the product and team effectiveness evaluations, team turnover intentions, and intentions to champion the work product. In Study 4 (n = 48 teams), CPO was predicted by the ownership activating experiences, at the team level. This research additionally highlights the benefits to organizations of creating conditions for the emergence of employee feelings of shared ownership over teamwork products.