新型沉水植物种植方法及其对水环境的影响研究

人工快速种植沉水植物是受污染水体生态修复与沉水植物重建的有效措施之一.研究采用琼脂凝胶取代传统抛栽法的软泥或粘土作为外裹物对苦草进行人工种植,并与传统插栽法进行了对比研究,结果表明:(1)新型琼脂抛栽法种植的苦草成活率达到100%,生物量、光合效率、子株生长情况等指标都表现优良;(2)新型琼脂抛栽法种植苦草过程中水体的CODMn值、TN含量、TP含量都现大幅下降,DO值、ORP值都明显上升,水体水质明显改善.     

Ambient Ultraviolet B Radiation and Prevalence of Infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Two Amphibian Species

Abstract: Chytridiomycosis, the emerging disease caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is responsible for declines and extirpations of amphibian populations worldwide. Environmental covariates modify the host‐Bd interaction and thus affect the ongoing spread of the pathogen. One such covariate may be the intensity of ultraviolet B (UV‐B) radiation. In a field experiment conducted in Laguna Grande de Peñalara (central Spain), a mountainous region where the presence of Bd has been documented since 1997, we analyzed the potential effect of environmental UV‐B (daily maximum 2.5–3.9 W/m²) on the susceptibility of larvae of the common toad (Bufo bufo) to Bd. The proportion of infected individuals increased as tadpoles developed. The prevalence of Bd was significantly lower in tadpoles exposed to environmental UV‐B intensities (2.94%) than in tadpoles not exposed to the radiation (9.72%). This finding mirrors that seen for a second amphibian species, the European midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans), for which conditional prevalence (i.e., prevalence of infection conditioned on the probability of a site being infected) across the Iberian Peninsula was inversely correlated with the intensity of UV‐B.     

基于ITS的紧急事件快速反应系统的研究

我国道路交通中紧急事件快速反应的状况随着机动车数量的急剧增长而恶化,社会各界同时也认识到,为改进紧急事件快速反应体系和充分运用社会资源的重要性。智能交通系统(ITS)是一个高科技集成系统,它综合运用各种高新技术于整个交通管理系统之中,可以系统、全面、高效地提高交通运输的安全性。随着ITS相关技术在城市交通的进一步应用,为道路交通中紧急事件快速反应系统带来了新的契机。针对现状,笔者阐述了与交通相关的紧急事件的发生原因,提出了需要利用先进的交通管理系统来对紧急事件做出快速的反应;重点介绍了基于ITS的紧急事件快速反应系统,包括紧急事件快速反应所需的系统资源,以及信息采集方式和各个子系统构成情况等主要方面。紧急事件快速反应系统,可以有效地利用社会资源,降低紧急事件可能造成的经济损失,减少人员伤亡。     

IN-LAKE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR A RECREATIONAL LAKE IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS1

Johnson Sauk Trail Lake remains highly eutrophic, even though the watershed has long been returned to an undisturbed condition with permanent vegetative cover and with little or no land disturbance in the watershed. Internal regeneration of nutrients has been identified as the major source of nutrients to the lake. Lake destratification, selective harvesting and removal of weeds, and control of algal blooms using chelated copper sulfate application followed by potassium permanganate application have all been chosen as management techniques for improving water quality conditions in the lake. These in-lake techniques are considered not as palliative measures, but as necessary tools in enhancing the lake's water quality characteristics.     

基于铁炭法的自来水厂进水突发性磷污染控制技术研究

采用铁炭法对自来水厂进水突发性磷污染的去除进行研究,考察了主要影响因素和可行性。结果表明,在100 m L浓度为1.0 mg/L的含磷水中,投加铁炭总量为1.50 g,m(Fe)/m(C)为3∶2,反应时间为60 min时,TP去除率为97%。在此最佳条件下,铁炭法的总铁溶出量最大值为3.86 mg/L,比单独铁屑法高16%。总铁溶出量越多,对总磷的去除效果越好。在此基础上进行动态连续试验,流量为330 m L/h,ρ(TP)<1.0 mg/L,连续运行2个月后,出水ρ(TP)为0.15~0.20 mg/L,满足饮用水源水标准。该方法在实验室环境下取得了较好的处理效果,具有处理成本低廉,操作简单,以废治废和无二次污染的优点。     

基于两高司法解释的突发环境事件应急监测风险管理的思考

突发环境污染事故的发生,往往伴随着环境违法行为,因此突发性环境污染监测涉刑的可能性更大.因此环境监测站在实施突发性环境污染事件监测工作时,在环境监测环节及时收集可能的违法证据,形成证据链,为复现环境污染事件提供证据,为司法界入及时提供技术支持.根据风险管理原则,采用矩阵法对涉刑下的突发性环境事件应急监测进行了风险事件识别和风险评价,详细地对涉刑情形下的突发性环境事件应急监测进行环境分析,并提出了相应的风险应对措施,为环境监测系统防范和规避风险提供参考.     

Algal-bloom control by allelopathy of aquatic macrophytes——A review

Algal-bloom control is an important issue for water environment protection as it induces several negative impacts on the lives of aquatic organisms, aquaculture, landscaping, and human health. The development of an environment-friendly, cost-effective, and convenient alternative for controlling algal bloom has gained much concern. Using the allelopathy of aquatic macrophytes as a novel and safe method for algal-bloom control is a promising alternative. This paper reviews the development and potential application about allelopathy of aquatic plants on algae, including the allelopathic research history, the potential research problems, the research methodology, and the reported aquatic macrophytes and their inhibitory allelochemicals. Potential modes of inhibition action of allelochemicals on algae, possible ways for application, and future development directions of research on algal-bloom control by aquatic macrophytes were also presented.     

富营养浅湖水生植被重建对底栖动物的影响

利用在极富营养型的浅水湖泊所建立的大型实验围隔系统，对水生植被恢复后底栖动物群落的变化作了为期3a的研究．4个围隔和大湖对照点共采集到底栖动物38种，Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ号围隔人工恢复沉水植被后，水质得到明显的改善，底栖动物群落结构发生明显的变化：其种类项目、个体密度和生物量增加，软体动物重新出现，生物多样性提高．对底栖动物与水生植物之间的相互关系也作了探讨．     

洛河氰化钠翻车事故应急处理效果技术分析

分析了洛河氰化钠事故污染动态和应急处理效果 ,并对河流突发污染应急处理措施进行评价。总结了有效的河流突发污染事故应急处理方法 ,为今后河流污染事故的紧急处理提供借鉴。     

4200快速气体分析仪在环境应急监测中的应用

根据应急监测的要求以及4200快速气体分析仪的特点，重点研究了仪器在应急监测使用中应注意的问题。