基于贝叶斯网络的突发事件影响度研究

不确定性的知识表示和推理是突发事件影响度评估中需要解决的重要问题。针对突发事件评估信息的多样性、不确定性及模糊性,利用贝叶斯网络易于进行不确定性推理的优点,提出了采用贝叶斯网络对突发事件影响度进行评价,建立了评价模型,给出了推理决策方法,并且对该方法进行了算例分析。算例表明,基于贝叶斯网络的突发事件影响度评价模型能够提高评估的准确度及对突发事件的响应能力。     

挺水植物浮岛水质净化模拟

针对地表水生态系统环境治理与生态保护的实际需求,植物修复技术作为成本较低和适用范围较广的生态修复技术,水生植物类型及配置模式对水质净化功能需系统探讨。为解决微污染水体人工湿地水质净化问题,以美人蕉、千屈菜、香蒲、鸢尾和慈姑5种挺水植物及不同配置模式开展水质净化功能研究,筛选水质净化优势植物基础上探讨不同温度下污染物去除效果。结果表明：水生植物在30 d试验周期内对氨氮 (NH₄⁺-N) 的去除率均大于95%;对总氮 (TN) 和总磷 (TP) 的去除率最高的为美人蕉和千屈菜,其中对TN去除率为60.2%、57.8%,对TP去除率最高为66.3%和73.2%;慈姑因植株枯萎掉落下来进入水体,导致植物向水体释放氮磷,释放率分别为18.7%和43.0%;鸢尾组出现根部腐烂状态,并出现反硝化和TP释放。组合植物试验中,鸢尾与美人蕉、千屈菜的组合对污染水体的净化效果要明显优于香蒲与美人蕉、千屈菜组合,适合运用到湿地等生态修复措施治理微污染水中。水质净化优势植物美人蕉在不同环境温度下净水效能研究表明,低温 (5~10 ℃) 条件下TN平均去除率显著降低,对COD的降解速率影响较小,环境温度20~25 ℃条件下美人蕉对微污染水体COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN和TP的去除效率显著高于低温环境;常温环境下复合浮岛植物根际填料样品的细菌群落多样性高于低温环境,常温环境样品中变形菌门 (Proteobacteria) 为优势菌门,低温环境中优势菌门为绿弯菌门 (Chloroflexi) 。     

基于信息技术的环境应急监测技术的研究

突发性环境污染事故发生后,应迅速的开展应急检测,在准确的监测结果的基础上实施应急救援。但目前的应急监测工作中还存在着一定的问题,影响救援工作的有效性和迅速性。文章将现代信息技术和污染物扩散模型运用到应急监测预案中,从监测准备、现场监测救援、事故恢复三个阶段阐述了突发性环境污染事故发生后,应急监测预案的响应程序,提高应对突发事故的能力。     

HARVESTING AS A CONTROL FOR AQUATIC PLANTS1

Studies of the effects of harvesting on hydrophytes in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin indicate that one harvest reduced growth by at least 50%, two harvests reduced it by 75% and three harvests virtually eliminated plant material for the year. The studies also indicated that harvesting one year reduced the biomass the following year, especially in deep water. Three harvests during the previous year were most effective in controlling biomass the second year.     

Ecological-biogeochemical role of macrophytes in aquatic ecosystems of urbanized territories (an example of small water bodies of St. Petersburg)

The accumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd) and biogenic elements (P, S, K, Ca, Na) in leaves has been studied in macrophytes of different ecological groups growing in small water bodies of St. Petersburg. The ecogeological and biogeochemical role of macrophytes in the water-aquatic plants-bottom sediments system and their contribution to the stability of aquatic ecosystem functioning under conditions of a megalopolis are considered. Prospects for using macrophytes for bioindication and phytoremediation of polluted aquatic ecosystems are discussed.     

基于ITS的紧急事件快速反应系统的研究

我国道路交通中紧急事件快速反应的状况随着机动车数量的急剧增长而恶化,社会各界同时也认识到,为改进紧急事件快速反应体系和充分运用社会资源的重要性。智能交通系统(ITS)是一个高科技集成系统,它综合运用各种高新技术于整个交通管理系统之中,可以系统、全面、高效地提高交通运输的安全性。随着ITS相关技术在城市交通的进一步应用,为道路交通中紧急事件快速反应系统带来了新的契机。针对现状,笔者阐述了与交通相关的紧急事件的发生原因,提出了需要利用先进的交通管理系统来对紧急事件做出快速的反应;重点介绍了基于ITS的紧急事件快速反应系统,包括紧急事件快速反应所需的系统资源,以及信息采集方式和各个子系统构成情况等主要方面。紧急事件快速反应系统,可以有效地利用社会资源,降低紧急事件可能造成的经济损失,减少人员伤亡。     

EFFECTS OF HYDRILLA AND GRASS CARP ON WATER QUALITY IN A FLORIDA LAKE1

ABSTRACT Changes in water chemistry, water clarity, and planktonic chlorophyll a were measured as hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) abundance increased and then decreased in Lake Baldwin, Florida. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were used to eliminate submersed macrophytes. No major trends in lake pH, conductivity, or total nitrogen concentrations occurred in association with changes in hydrilla levels. Increased Secchi disc transparency and reductions in total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, potassium, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a concentrations occurred as hydrilla abundance increased. Large increases in the chemical parameters and a reduction in Secchi disc transparency occurred as hydrilla decreased and was eliminated from the lake by grass carp. The effects of hydrilla on lake water chemistry are related to the percentage of the lake's volume infested with hydrilla and macrophyte standing crop.     

武汉东湖水生植物生态学研究：Ⅲ沉水植被重建的可行性研究

根据武汉东湖水体光学性质,营养状况和东湖现存水生植被的分布状况,对东湖各湖区重建沉水植被的可行性作了探讨,认为东湖大部分湖区恢复沉水植物是可行的。牛巢湖,汤林湖,后湖等湖区一旦停止放养草食性鱼类,加之适当的人工促进措施,沉水植物完全可以恢复。