冬春季富营养化滆湖中沉水植被重建及净化效果

秋末冬初在富营养化滆湖的围隔中引种沉水植物,分别构建5种植被区、菹草-伊乐藻区、菹草区、伊乐藻区,调查4种区域内植被恢复及对水质的净化效果。结果发现菹草-伊乐藻区不仅能在冬春季节保持对营养盐较高的去除效果,并能在冬季有效缓解苦草等植物死亡（5种植被区）给水质带来的不利影响;菹草-伊乐藻区对比湖面敞开区域内TP,TN,NH3-N,Chl.a的去除率可达62.9%,31.5%,53.9%,46.1%,对CODMn的去除率仅为9.7%;比较各单种区：伊乐藻对TN的去除效果要好于菹草,菹草对TP的去除效果要好于伊乐藻。     

北京市河流沉水植物水环境适应性研究

沉水植物是退化水体生态系统恢复过程中的重要奠基者.调查研究沉水植物的水环境适应性,对于制定不同污染程度水体的植被恢复对策具有重要指导意义.通过对北京市主要河流水系有沉水植物的36个样地进行了群落结构调查,共发现15个沉水植物物种.主成分分析结果表明,氨氮、总氮、总磷是影响沉水植物分布的主要因素;典范对应分析结果表明,沉水植物的分布主要受水体中化学营养盐含量和透明度的影响.综合分析判定,沉水植物有不同的水质适应区间,轮藻、黑藻、马来眼子菜等物种是清洁种,金鱼藻属于广布物种,而蓖齿眼子菜、菹草为耐污种.     

水体水质理化性质与沉水植物生长的生物学特征相关性研究

为探讨沉水植物生长影响的水质理化性质,通过室外静态模拟实验,3种沉水植物在高中低3种不同污染浓度的底质中,室内分析测定了沉水植物生物学指标和水质指标,并进行水体水质理化性质与沉水植物生物量、株高、分枝数、叶绿素之间的相关关系研究,数据的典型相关分析结果表明:在低污染底质条件下,水体中污染物浓度与粉绿狐尾藻和竹叶眼子菜的生长呈显著负相关;与金鱼藻的生长呈显著正相关。在中度污染底质条件下,水体中污染物浓度与粉绿狐尾藻的生长呈显著正相关;与竹叶眼子菜和金鱼藻的生长呈显著负相关。在高污染底质条件下,水体中污染物浓度与粉绿狐尾藻、竹叶眼子菜和金鱼藻的生长呈显著负相关。     

徒骇河沉水植物腐烂对上覆水体中营养盐形态变化影响

将杀青后的菹草(Potamogetoncrispus)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllumdemersum)剪成1 cm左右分别浸泡于装有原上覆水样的烧杯中,并置于27℃和10℃的恒温培养箱中,在不同时刻测定上覆水体的pH、溶解氧(DO)和不同形态氮磷营养盐的浓度。结果表明:由于菹草和金鱼藻的腐烂分解,上覆水体pH呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,溶解氧急剧降低,氮磷浓度增加。氮浓度的增加以有机氮为主,平均约占63%,氨氮次之,约占25%;磷浓度的增加在实验前期以颗粒态磷为主,平均约占60%,而在实验后期以可溶性总磷为主,约占65%。在27℃下,氮磷形态浓度主要呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在10℃下,氮磷形态浓度主要表现为持续上升。硝氮和亚硝氮浓度的变化与溶解氧浓度变化具有较好的一致性。     

The Shallow‐Water Component of the Chesapeake Bay Environmental Model Package

The shallow‐water component of the Chesapeake Bay Environmental Model Package emphasizes the regions of the system inside the 2‐m depth contour. The model of these regions is unified with the system‐wide model but places emphasis on locally significant components and processes, notably submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), sediment resuspension, and their interaction with light attenuation (Ke). The SAV model is found to be most suited for computing the equilibrium distribution of perennial species. Addition of plant structure and propagation are recommended to improve representation of observed trends in SAV area. Two approaches are taken to examining shallow‐water Ke. The first compares observed and computed differences between deep‐ and shallow‐water Ke. No consistent difference in observations is noted. In the preponderance of regions examined, computed shallow‐water Ke exceeds computed deep‐water Ke. The second approach directly compares Ke measured in shallow water with modeled results. Model values are primarily lower than observed, in contrast to results in deep water where model values exceed observed. The shortfall in computed Ke mirrors a similar shortfall in computed suspended solids. Improved model representation of Ke requires process‐based investigations into suspended solids dynamics as well as increased model resolution in shallow‐water regions.     

水生维管束植物在修复受损水环境中的选择与配置

水生维管柬植物通过对污染物的吸收、富集,与藻类的竞争或他感抑制作用以及根际水生生态系统的协同作用等方式实现对受损水环境的修复,是一种与建设污水处理厂互补的水环境修复技术。着重指出利用水生维管束植物在修复受损水环境应用中的科学选择与配置,尤其是应优先考虑选择少量先锋物种,以便尽快恢复水环境生态系统的基本结构和功能以及生物多样性;重视各种生活型水生植物的合理搭配,优势互补,稳定有效地发挥各自的生态功能;注意考虑水生植物种群配置在生长期上的密切衔接及群落优势中的季节性演替等;并佐以实例为实际应用提供参考。     

Aquatic arsenic: phytoremediation using floating macrophytes

Phytoremediation, a plant based green technology, has received increasing attention after the discovery of hyperaccumulating plants which are able to accumulate, translocate, and concentrate high amount of certain toxic elements in their above-ground/harvestable parts. Phytoremediation includes several processes namely, phytoextraction, phytodegradation, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization and phytovolatilization. Both terrestrial and aquatic plants have been tested to remediate contaminated soils and waters, respectively. A number of aquatic plant species have been investigated for the remediation of toxic contaminants such as As, Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Hg, etc. Arsenic, one of the deadly toxic elements, is widely distributed in the aquatic systems as a result of mineral dissolution from volcanic or sedimentary rocks as well as from the dilution of geothermal waters. In addition, the agricultural and industrial effluent discharges are also considered for arsenic contamination in natural waters. Some aquatic plants have been reported to accumulate high level of arsenic from contaminated water. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweeds (Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrhiza), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), water ferns (Azolla caroliniana, Azolla filiculoides, and Azolla pinnata), water cabbage (Pistia stratiotes), hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) and watercress (Lepidium sativum) have been studied to investigate their arsenic uptake ability and mechanisms, and to evaluate their potential in phytoremediation technology. It has been suggested that the aquatic macrophytes would be potential for arsenic phytoremediation, and this paper reviews up to date knowledge on arsenic phytoremediation by common aquatic macrophytes.     

《突发性污染事故中常见危险品档案库》研制

研制建立了《突发性污染事故中常见危险品档案库》,从 1档案库的内容—— 1 3 0 0余种化学危险品六个方面的信息和环境保护相关信息 ,2档案库的计算机实现技术两大方面进行了研究和开发 ,并制成了《突发性污染事故中常见危险品档案库》光盘。该档案库是对化学危险品引起的突发性污染事故进行快速处理的技术信息支持库 ,是为环境管理、环境监测、环境监察、环境卫生、化学危险品管理等行业的管理和技术人员提供的实用工具软件     

空心菜浮床+仿生植物系统对污染物去除效果

通过空心菜浮床,空心菜+仿生植物复合系统以及仿生植物3组不同的水处理系统对城市重污染河道水体主要污染物的去除效果研究,试图阐明浮床+仿生植物复合系统在水质净化中的强化作用。结果表明,空心菜浮床+仿生植物复合系统对污染水体中的TN,NH4+-N,TP,高锰酸盐指数均具有较好的去除效果,相对于单独的空心菜浮床系统,复合系统对TN,NH4+-N,TP以及高锰酸盐指数的去除率提高了28.50%、20.03%、33.43%、18.02%;相对于单独的仿生植物系统,复合系统对TN,NH4+-N,TP以及高锰酸盐指数的去除率提高了14.98%、20.29%、53.38%、26.96%,且其对污染物的去除率远高于对照(p<0.05),表明空心菜生态浮床+仿生植物复合系统可实现对污染水体的强化净化,同时可有效抵抗空心菜植物腐烂对系统带来的冲击,确保复合系统的长期稳定运行。     

水培植物生态槽对低C/N污水的脱氮研究

选用某污水处理厂的二沉池出水[(TN主要以硝态氮(NO3--N)形式存在)作为研究对象,采取水培植物生态槽进行脱氮试验,着重研究了NO3--N的反硝化过程.结果表明, NO3--N与COD均得到有效去除;生态槽厌氧区水力停留时间(HRT)为10~18h,系统水力负荷为1.33m3/(m3×d),不投外加碳源时,空槽运行NO3--N去除率为10.80%;种植能分泌溶解性有机碳(DOC)的凤眼莲使NO3--N去除率升至15.89%;而硫自养反硝化过程使NO3--N去除率提高至37.80%;投加葡萄糖时,TN与NO3--N的去除率分别达到87.20%和93.21%,出水浓度分别降到2.2,1.04mg/L.