北京地区大气气溶胶的物理特征

对1982年4月在北京沙河利用飞机取得的5份大气气溶胶资料进行综合分析,给出直径0.5—8.0μm气溶皮粒子数浓度和质量浓度的空间分布、谱分布.讨论了逆温、风和湿度等对大气气溶胶粒子的影响.     

我国几种典型树种非甲烷烃类的排放特征

采用封闭式采样法和带有预浓缩及程序升温装置的熔融毛细管柱气相色谱仪，对我国的松、柏、杨、槐等几种典型树种排放非甲烷烃类（ＮＭＨＣ）的组成和排放速率进行了定性和定量测定，初步确定了不同树种和的特征物种和排放规律，结果表明，针叶树种和阔叶树种排放的ＮＭＨＣ组成差别很大，各树种的排放规律除了与自身的结构和生理活动等在内在因素有关外，还在不同程度上受到外界因素（主要是温度和光强）的影响，一般温度越高，光强     

制定恶臭物质排放标准的原则和方法

本文叙述了制定恶臭物质排放标准的技术原则、计算方法和公式.同时以天津为例,介绍了对恶臭排放标准计算公式中的主要参数选取及确定系数的方法经验.     

大气中还原态硫化合物的测定

建立了一套简便易行的还原态硫化合物的采集及分析方法，该方法可分离和检测11种还原态硫化合物。利用该方法测定了北京市和青藏高原地区还原态硫化合物的混合比，结果表明，北京市和青藏高原地区存在较强的COS和CS2人为和自然排放源。     

采用微机控制气相色谱法在野外进行稻田甲烷排放率的连续观测

介绍一套稻田甲烷排放率的野外全自动观测系统。该系统采用微机控制、气相色谱法，在供电正常的情况下，实现了稻田甲烷样品的自动采集和分析，同时配有八个温度传感器，以测量空气、水及土壤的温度。温度和甲烷测定数据由微机自动贮存，可长期连续工作，无需值守。本系统对稻田甲烷测量的标准偏差为２４５μＶ·Ｓ（峰面积），变异系数为１．１８％（ｎ＝５）。若将色谱条件做适当改变，即可测量其它微量气体。     

江浙沪地区人为NH_3排放量的估算

对１９９０年江浙沪地区人为氨排放进行了统计计算，结果表明江浙沪地区人为氨排放总量为７６９．３０ｋｔ，主要的氨来源为化肥的使用、家畜以及能源的消耗，其中家畜占３００％、化肥使用占２５０％、能源消耗占２５８％。江浙沪地区单位面积排放强度为３．６５ｔ／ｋｍ２，而人均排放量为６２６ｋｇ／人。     

Nitric oxide emission from a typical vegetable field in the Pearl River Delta, China

Croplands contribute to atmospheric nitric oxide (NO), but very limited data are available about NO fluxes from intensively managed croplands in China. In this study, NO fluxes were measured in a typical vegetable field planted with flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee), which is the most widely cultivated vegetable in Guangdong province, south China. NO emission drastically increased after nitrogen fertilizer application, and other practices involving loosening the soil also enhanced NO emission. Mean NO emission flux was 47.5 ng N m⁻² s^–1 over a complete growth cycle. Annual NO emission from the vegetable field was about 10.1 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Fertilizer-induced NO emission factor was estimated to be 2.4%. Total NO emission from vegetable fields in Guangdong province was roughly estimated to be 11.7 Gg N yr⁻¹ based on the vegetable field area and annual NO emission rate, and to be 13.3 Gg N yr⁻¹ based on fertilizer-induced NO emission factor and background NO emission. This means that NO emission from vegetable fields was approximately 6% of NO_x from commercial energy consumption in Guangdong province.     

The influence of air–fuel ratio on engine performance and pollutant emission of an SI engine using ethanol–gasoline-blended fuels

Ethanol–gasoline-blended fuel was tested in a conventional engine under various air–fuel equivalence ratios (λ) for its performance and emissions. The amount of fuel injection was adjusted manually by an open-loop control system using a CONSULT controller. It was found that without changing throttle opening and injection strategy, λ could be extended to a leaner condition as ethanol content increased. The results of engine performance tests showed that torque output would increase slightly at small throttle valve opening when ethanol–gasoline-blended fuel was used. It was also shown that CO and HC emissions were reduced with the increase of ethanol content in the blended fuel, which resulted from oxygen enrichment. At an air–fuel equivalence ratio slightly larger than one, the smallest amounts of CO and HC and the largest amounts of CO₂ resulted. It was noted that under the lean combustion condition, CO₂ emission was controlled by air–fuel equivalence ratio; while under the rich combustion condition, CO₂ emission is offset by CO emission. It was also found that CO₂ emission per unit horse power output for blended fuel was similar or less than that for gasoline fuel. From the experimental data, the optimal ethanol content in the gasoline and air–fuel equivalence ratio in terms of engine performance and air pollution was found.     

Estimation of heavy metal emission fluxes on the territory of the NIS

As the result of our research, the specific procedures to use emission factor methodology were developed and applied for trace metal emission evaluation into the atmosphere over the territory of the former Soviet Union. The existing data on heavy metal emissions were revised as background information from official sources and expert estimations. Source categories and different initial information as well as the concept of spatial emission distribution were defined and observed. The calculated atmospheric emissions of lead, cadmium and mercury were produced among the main source categories of 12 NIS countries for 1990, 1995 and 1997, using modified emission coefficients.Total cadmium emissions into the atmosphere from determined source categories were estimated as 388.4 tonnes in 1990 for the whole domain with reduction by up to 207.0 tonnes per year for 1997. Mercury emissions were estimated as equal to 303.2 tonnes in 1990 and 159.8 tonnes in 1997. Lead emission amounted to 24903.0 tonnes in 1990, and 9652.5 tonnes in 1997.The results of the evaluation demonstrated the general trends of atmospheric heavy metal emissions with a greater decrease during the first half of the 1990s followed later by the rather stable level to be explained by recession in industrial activity and fuel consumption in NIS in that period. The significant spatial variations of atmospheric emissions over vast territories are described based on the results of their distribution according to 1×1 degree grid with remarkably higher values in the location of industrial cities.