Is Biodiversity Friendly Fisheries Management Possible on Issyk-Kul Lake in the Kyrgyz Republic?

This paper aims to identify challenges, and threats, and further explore opportunities for a new Biodiversity Friendly Fisheries Management Regime on the Issyk-Kul Lake in the Kyrgyz Republic. This lake is the second largest high-altitude lake in the world providing recreational and small-scale fishing activities as well as cage culture of introduced species. The populations of several indigenous species are seriously threatened, because many of the introduced species are potential predators. We examine the root causes for overfishing and relationships of alien and endemic fish species in Issyk-Kul Lake and give possible policy options that can help remediate or mitigate the biodiversity degradation. This analysis focuses on necessary legal modifications, institutional cooperation, the protection of selected endemic fish species, control of the alien species, the sustainable extension services and management of fish ponds. Fisheries co-management is one option to explore shared stewardship and empowering user groups on the lake. A comprehensive fisheries management plan is also needed, in addition to immediate action and further studies on the following wider aspects: water management/irrigation issues, water-quality assessment near cage cultures, socio-cultural issues, resource inventory, and assessing fish biology and the lake ecosystem.     

Adaptive Units for Conservation: Population Distinction and Historic Extinctions in the Island Scrub-Jay

Abstract:  The Island Scrub-Jay ( Aphelocoma insularis ) is found on Santa Cruz Island, California, and is the only insular bird species in the continental United States. We typed seven microsatellite loci and sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial DNA control region of Island Scrub-Jays and their closest mainland relative, the Western Scrub-Jay ( Aphelocoma californica ), to assess levels of variability and effective population size and to examine the evolutionary relationship between the two species. The estimated female effective population size, N _ef, of the Island Scrub-Jay was 1603 (90% confidence interval: 1481–1738) and was about 7.5% of the size of the mainland species. Island and Western Scrub-Jays have highly divergent control-region sequences, and the value of 3.14 ± 0.09% sequence divergence between the two species suggests a divergence time of approximately 151,000 years ago. Because the four northern Channel Islands were joined as one large island as recently as 11,000 years ago, extinctions must have occurred on the three other northern Channel islands, Santa Rosa, San Miguel, and Anacapa, highlighting the vulnerability of the remaining population. We assessed the evolutionary significance of four island endemics, including the Island Scrub-Jay, based on both genetic and adaptive divergence. Our results show that the Island Scrub-Jay is a distinct species of high conservation value whose history and adaptive potential is not well predicted by study of other island vertebrates.     

我国降水、降尘中硒、碘、氟的研究

研究了我国东甫沿海至西北地区降水、降尘中硒、碘、氟的分布及其影响因素,结果表明。我国降水硒、碘、氟含量范围分别为0.03—0.59ppb、0.3—3.8ppb和0.03—0.6ppm,一般为0.1—0.2ppb、1—2ppb和0.05—0.1ppm,其主要影响因素为人类活动,海洋、风沙及土壤微生物亦各有不同程度的影响。以集尘桶采集的降尘硒、碘、氟含量均远高于当地表层土壤,主要受当地大气污染状况、降尘量、降水量及降水中该元素含量的影响。硒、碘、氟三元素的挥发性与水迁移性的相互关系在很大程度上决定着我国四大地方病的分布。     

我国地方性氟中毒病区环境氟的安全阈值

概述了我国地方性氟中毒的4个流行区域及其环境特征,揭示地方性氟中毒的流行与地球化学环境密切相关,研究了不同氟中毒病区氟从外环境到人体的传输途径及其剂量-效应关系.选择氟斑牙检出率5%作为病区划分标准,确定了不同病区环境氟的安全阈值,为氟的环境风险评价提供科学依据.     

我国鸟类特有种地理分布与气候要素关系的初步分析

分析了我国鸟类特有种与气候要素的关系. 结果表明:我国鸟类特有种中,分布区狭窄的有63种,分布区广泛的有8种,其中呈不连续分布的有38种,连续分布的有33种,留鸟有67种,候鸟有4种;大部分地区鸟类特有种丰富度较低,但在青海东南部、四川中部和西北部、甘肃南部等地区的丰富度较高;在93°E~121°E或26°N~39°N范围内鸟类特有种丰富度较高. 我国鸟类特有种分布受气候因素限制,年均气温过高或过低、年降水量过高或过低、过于干燥、辐照日数过长或过短等都将使鸟类特有种减少. 鸟类特有种的适宜气候可分为低温干燥、较高温湿度、高温高湿和中等温湿度等类型,但以低温干燥和中等温湿度型为主. 鸟类特有种丰富度与各气候要素相关系数较低,气候要素下丰富度变化呈抛物线型趋势,其中在年均气温为1~18 ℃,年降水量为500~1 300 mm的范围内丰富度较高.      

Naturalistic hotspots along the Itinerarium Rosaliae (CW Sicily,Italy)

The conservation, fruition and management of landscape and natural resources is one of the most important topic of the moment. Here we presented a study on naturalistic hotspots that can be found along the Itinerarium Rosaliae, a naturalistic and religious route in Sicily that crosses three natural reserves and one natural regional park connecting Mount Pellegrino with the Hermitage of Santo Stefano di Quisquina. On the whole 7 semi-natural woods, 13 monumental trees, 8 geosites, and 4 areas of high naturalistic interest were identified. This initiative can be of example for other territories where human and natural heritage can be connected for an organic network of fruition.     

长江上游特有鱼类受威胁及优先保护顺序的定量分析

根据本课题组1997～2002年野外渔获物调查数据并结合相关文献资料,运用濒危系数、遗传损失系数和物种价值系数对长江上游16种特有鱼类的优先保护顺序进行了定量分析.结果表明,达到一级急切保护的有达氏鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)、鲈鲤(Percocypris pingi)2种;达到二级急切保护的有宜宾鲴(Xenocypris fangi)、齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)、四川白甲鱼(Onychostoma angustistomata)及云南鲴(Xenocypris yunnanensis)4种;达到三级急切保护的有岩原鲤(Procypris rabaudi)、厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)、宽口光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus monticola)、黑尾近红鲌(Ancherythroculter nigrocauda)、华鲮(Sinilabeo rendahli)、短体副鳅(Paracobitis potanini)、圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)、长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)及长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongata)9种;尚未达到急切保护,即处于四级保护的为异鳔鳅鮀(Gobiobotia boulengeri).     

西南燃煤型地方病区煤炭和土壤中氟、钼的地球化学行为

氟和钼是广泛存在于表生环境中的人体必需微量元素,但过量摄入会影响人体健康,甚至会诱发地方性疾病.西南燃煤型地方病区部分煤炭和土壤中存在氟、钼富集的情况.本文系统介绍了氟和钼的元素地球化学行为特征和健康危害效应,综述了氟和钼在西南地区高氟高钼地质背景的燃煤型地方病区煤炭和土壤中的分布特征和赋存形态,分析了燃煤型地方病区煤...     

Assessing species reintroduction sites based on future climate suitability for food resources

The reintroduction of a species that is extinct in the wild demands caution because reintroduction locations may be associated with threats, such as hunting, poor-quality habitat, and climate change. This is the case for Cyanopsitta spixii (Spix's Macaw), which has been extinct in the wild since 2000. The few living individuals were created in captivity and will be used in a reintroduction project within the species’ original distribution area, the Caatinga domain (Brazil). Because the occurrence records for this bird are old and inaccurate, we investigated the current and future environmental suitability of the 14 plant species used by C. spixii as resource. These plants are key elements for the long-term reestablishment of the species in the wild, so the use of models helps in the assessment of the effects of climate change on the availability of these resources for the species and informs selection of the best places for reintroduction. We based our models of environmental suitability on 19 bioclimatic variables and nine physical soil and topography variables. Climate projections were created for the present and for the year 2070 with an optimistic (SSP2-4.5) and a pessimistic (SSP5-8.5) climate scenario. Both future climate scenarios lead to a reduction in area of environmental suitability that overlapped for all the plant species: 33% reduction for SSP2-4.5 and 63% reduction for SSP5-8.5. If our projections materialize, climate change could thus affect the distribution of key resources, and the maintenance of C. spixii would depend on restoration of degraded areas, especially riparian forests, and the preservation of already existing natural areas. The Caatinga domain is very threatened by habitat loss and, for the success of this reintroduction project, the parties involved must act to protect the species and the resources it uses.