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161.
Paul M. Bradley Jeffrey H. Writer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(2):334-342
Biodegradation of [A‐ring 14C] Estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2), and 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) to 14CO2 was investigated under light and dark conditions in microcosms containing epilithon or sediment collected from Boulder Creek, Colorado. Mineralization of the estrogen A‐ring was observed in all sediment treatments, but not epilithon treatments. No difference in net mineralization between light and dark treatments was observed for 14C‐E2. Net mineralization of 14C‐E1 and 14C‐EE2 was enhanced in light treatments. Extents of 14CO2 accumulation and rates of mineralization were significantly greater for E2 than E1 under dark conditions, but were comparable under light conditions. These results indicate substantial differences in the uptake and metabolism of E1 and E2 in the environment and suggest biorecalcitrance of E1 relative to E2 in light‐limited environments. The extent of 14CO2 accumulation and rate of mineralization for EE2 in dark treatments were less than half of that observed for E2 and generally lower than for E1, consistent with previous reports of EE2 biorecalcitrance. However, 14CO2 accumulation and rates of mineralization were comparable for EE2, E2, and E1 under light conditions. These results indicate photoactivation and/or phototransformation/photodegradation processes can substantially enhance heterotrophic biodegradation of estrogens in sunlit environments and may play an important role in estrogen transport and attenuation. 相似文献
162.
基因调控网络(gene regulatory network,GRN)是用于研究基因调控的一种新兴的系统生物学方法,尤其适合描述生物体早期发育的调控系统和机制。由于它能体现出调控过程的网络特性和动态关系,从整体的角度全面审视环境扰动所造成的真实影响,因此有望在内分泌干扰物等环境污染物的发育毒性机制研究中发挥重要作用,解决多年来一直困扰相关研究的种种难题。针对基因调控网络的结构、研究方法、应用成果和案例进行综述,并对将这一方法应用于污染物发育毒性机制研究的前景做出展望。 相似文献
163.
Benzotriazoles, Alkylphenols and Bisphenol A in Municipal Wastewaters and in the Glatt River, Switzerland 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Voutsa D Hartmann P Schaffner C Giger W 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(5):333-341
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.01.295
Background Many organic micropollutants occur at trace concentrations in municipal wastewater effluents and in the aquatic environment.
Some of these xenobiotic chemicals can be considered as 'emerging' contaminants and some are suspect to have endocrine disrupting
effects. Among the latter are nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A (BPA), which deserve special attention due
to their ubiquitous occurrence in the aquatic environment. The complexing agents benzotriazole (BT) and tolyltriazole (TT)
are applied as anticorrosive agents (e.g. in cooling and hydraulic fluids, in antifreezing fluids, in aircraft deicing fluids,
in dish washing liquids for silver protection), as antifogging agents and as intermediates for the synthesis of various chemicals.
The environmental occurrence of NP and OP is caused by the fact that they are intermediate products (metabolites) in the biodegradation
of alkylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants. BPA is globally used for the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins.
Methods BT, TT, NP, OP and BPA were quantitatively determined in municipal wastewater effluents in Switzerland and in the Glatt River.
The analytes were enriched by solid-phase enrichment. BT and TT were determined underivatized by electrospray LC/tandem MS.
Reversed-phase LC was performed on octylsilica columns with isocratic water/methanol elution. Multiple reaction monitoring
of the positive ions provided selective and sensitive detection for reliable quantifications. NP, OP and BPA were determined
by GC/MS after derivatization with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide.
Results and Discussion BT and TT concentrations in primary and secondary effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants varied from below 10
to 100 μg/L. The ranges of the concentrations in the Glatt River in ng/L were 636–3,690 for BT, 122–628 for TT, 68–326 for
NP, 6–22 for OP and 9–76 for BPA. The corresponding mass flows in g/d were 93–1,870 for BT, 18–360 for TT, 24–183 for NP,
1–16 for OP and 2–72 for BPA. The concentrations and mass flows of NP in the River Glatt were drastically lower than the analogous
values found 15 years ago. Thus, a substantially decreased environmental exposure can be observed due to the reduction of
the use of alkyphenol polyethoxylate surfactants in Switzerland. The current concentrations of NP, OP and BPA are within the
ranges reported for weakly impacted surface waters.
Conclusion The investigated contaminants occur at quantitatively measurable but varying concentrations in municipal wastewaters and
in the Glatt River reflecting their ubiquitous input into wastewaters and their different behaviour during biological wastewater
treatment. 相似文献
164.
Fossi MC Casini S Marsili L 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(3):204-207
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.01.018
Background, Aims and Scope
Man-made Endocrine Disruptors (EDs) range across all continents and oceans. Some geographic areas are potentially more threatened
than others: one of these is the Mediterranean Sea. Levels of some xenobiotics are much higher here than in other seas and
oceans. In this paper we review the final results of a project in which the hypothesis that Mediterranean top predator species
(such as large pelagic fish and marine mammals) are potentially at risk due to EDs was investigated.
Methods In a four-year survey on the Mediterranean population of swordfish (Xiphias gladius), the potential toxicological effects
of organochlorine compounds (OCs) on specimens of swordfish and tuna fish (Thunnus thynnus thynnus), caught in the spawning
seasons from 1999 to 2002 in the Straits of Messina, Sicily (Italy), were investigated using vitellogenin (Vtg), Zona radiata
proteins (Zrp), and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) activities (EROD, BPMO). Tissues (skin and blubber) were obtained from Stenella
coeruleoalba, Tursiops truncatus, Delphinus delphis and Balaenoptera physalus from the western Ligurian Sea, between Corsica
and the French-Italian coast, and Ionic Sea using biopsy darts launched with a crossbow. Benzo(á)pyrene monoxigenase (BPMO)
activity was mesured in biopsies and cholrinated hydrocarbon levels were detected.
Results and Discussion We illustrate the need to develop and apply sensitive methodological tools, such as biomarkers (Vitellogenin, Zona Radiata
proteins and CYP1A activities) for evaluation of toxicological risk in Xiphias gladius and Thunnus thynnus thynnus), and nondestructive
biomarkers (CYP1A activities and fibroblast cell culture in skin biopsy), for the hazard assessment of threatened marine mammals
species (Stenella coeruleoalba, Tursiops truncatus, Delphinus delphis and Balaenoptera physalus) exposed to EDs.
Conclusion The present research shows that: a) Vtg and Zrp can be used as diagnostic tools for fish stocks hazard assessment in the
Mediterranean Sea; b) that CYP1A1 (BPMO) induction in cetaceans skin biopsy may be an early sign of exposure to EDs such as
OCs and a potential alert for transgenerational effects.
Recommendation and Outlook This research represents a warning signal of the potential reproductive alterations in marine top predators and suggest the
need for continuous monitoring to avoid reductions in population and biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea. 相似文献
165.
Rachael Vaicunas Shreeram Inamdar Sudarshan Dutta Diana S. Aga Lisa Zimmerman J. Tom Sims 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(2):463-474
Water‐quality surveys have confirmed the presence of hormones and antibiotics in surface waters of the United States, which may be of concern to aquatic life. We investigated the concentrations of hormones and antibiotics in surface waters of the state of Delaware to determine – how they compared against environmental thresholds, how they varied across the state, and if they were correlated with land use type. Fifty surface water locations were sampled during early spring and late summer. Water samples were initially screened with ELISA followed by analysis with LC/MS/MS. The measured ranges of hormone concentrations were: 0‐3.71 ng/l for estrone, 0‐4.65 ng/l for estrone‐3‐sulfate, and 0‐6.27 ng/l for 17β‐estradiol. The measured ranges of antibiotics were: 0‐3.30 ng/l for sulfamerazine, 0‐10.74 ng/l for sulfamethoxazole, and 0‐2.29 ng/l for tetracycline. The predicted no‐effect concentration (PNEC) for estrone was exceeded for three samples and the PNEC for 17β‐estradiol was exceeded for 11 samples. In general, concentrations and detection frequencies were lower in the summer than the spring. The highest concentrations of hormones and antibiotics were spatially distributed in agricultural and urban areas; however, the correlations between land use type and the concentrations were weak. This study was the first statewide survey of hormones and antibiotics for Delaware and provided important baseline data on these emerging contaminants. 相似文献
166.
哪些物质属于内分泌干扰物(EDCs) 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
介绍了什么是内分泌干扰物(环境激素),指出其名单是很受关注的重要问题,介绍了目前影响较大的日本环境厅的《关于环境内分泌干扰物的战略计划98》、世界自然基金会的《环境中被报告具有生殖和内分泌干扰作用的化学物质清单》、美国环保局的《与在动物和人体中或在试管中的内分泌系统效应有关的化学物质初步清单》、美国Our Stolen Future网站的《具有内分泌干扰效应的普遍污染物清单》的内容和特点,摘要编译了美国Our Stolen Future网站的干扰物名单。 相似文献
167.
Endocrine disrupters in the aquatic environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Petra Stahlschmidt-Allner Bernhard Allner Jörg Römbke Thomas Knacker 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1997,4(3):155-162
Possible mechanisms to explain endocrine effects on reproduction and sex differentiation are presented for selected pharmaceuticals,
agrochemicals, industrial chemicals and plant sterols which are known to be present in the aquatic environment. Disruptions
of the hormonal coordination can be induced by xenobiotics on various levels of the hierachically organised endocrine system
of vertebrates. Phthalate plasticisers, for example, may disrupt the pituitary control of gonadal functions; prenatal/larval
exposure to synthetic estrogen impairs sex differentiation and neuroendocrine sexual determination of the central nervous
system; phenylurea herbicides block the androgen receptor; the biotransformation of weakly estrogenic plant sterol components
of paper mill wastewater (e.g. βsitosterol) may lead to androgenic compounds. The effect of hypolipidemic drugs on lipid homeostasis
(peroxysom proliferation) is transmitted via a receptor protein that seems to be closely related to the endocrine system both
functionally as well as phylogenetically; possible interferences with the neuroendocrine control of sex differentiation are
also discussed. In invertebrates, tributyltin is known to effect the biosynthesis of steroidal sexual hormones. PCBs are suspected
to be competitive inhibitors of the steroid catabolism.
In order to identify potential risks caused by chemicals to the reproductive capacities of aquatic animals and to the quality
of drinking water, methods should be established to detect endocrine disrupters at the various levels of the endocrine system. 相似文献
168.
169.
饮用水中微量内分泌干扰物质(DBP)的O3氧化去除研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(简称DBP)为典型内分泌干扰物质的代表物,采用静态反应方式对饮用水进行了不同反应条件下的O3氧化研究.结果表明,当O3投加量仅为0.53mg/L时,水中100μg/L DBP 40min后就能去除60%以上,较高的溶液pH、温度及离子强度使DBP去除率大大提高. 相似文献
170.
Xu Bin Gao Naiyun Rui Min Wang Hong Wu Haihui 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(3):350-356
The ozone oxidation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water was investigated. A stainless completely mixed reactor
was employed to carry out the degradation experiments by means of a batch model. With an initial concentration of 11.0 mg/L,
the removal efficiencies of BPA (bisphenol A) could be measured up to 70%, 82%, and 90% when the dosages of ozone were 1,
1.5, and 2 mg/L, respectively. The impacts on BPA degradation under the conditions of different ozone dosages, water background
values, BPA initial concentrations, and ozone adding time were analyzed. The results showed that ozone dosage plays a dominant
role during the process of BPA degradation, while the impact of the contact time could be ignored. UV wavelength scanning
was used to confirm that the by-products were produced, which could be absorbed at UV254. The value of UV254 was observed
to have changed during the ozonation process. Based on the change of UV254, it could be concluded that BPA is not completely
degraded at low ozone dosage, while shorter adding time of total ozone dosage, high ozone dosage, and improvement of dissolved
ozone concentration greatly contribute to the extent of BPA degradation. The effects of applied H2O2 dose in ozone oxidation of BPA were also examined in this study. The O3-H2O2 processes proved to have similar effects on the degradation of BPA by ozone oxidation.
Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(2): 294–299 [译自: 环境科学] 相似文献