改性无烟煤去除水中内分泌干扰物的性能探究

以KOH为改性剂对无烟煤改性,研究了改性前后无烟煤对3种内分泌干扰物EDCs(17α-乙炔基雌二醇EE2、双酚A BPA、磺胺甲噁唑SMZ)的吸附性能。结果表明,KOH改性对无烟煤的孔结构和表面性质产生影响,提高了无烟煤对3种EDCs的吸附量,其中对EE2的吸附量提高了近2倍。3种EDCs在改性前后2种无烟煤上的吸附过程均可用伪二级动力学描述,吸附等温线更符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,表现为化学吸附。改性前后2种无烟煤对EE2均表现出最高吸附能力,平衡吸附量(qe)分别为0.214 7μg/mg与0.622 9μg/mg;其次是BPA;最差是SMZ,qe仅为0.095 9μg/mg与0.124 2μg/mg。进一步研究表明,目标物的吸附情况与其憎水性质和分子结构有关,无烟煤吸附目标物的能力与其正辛醇/水分配系数正相关。     

杀菌剂三唑酮毒性及内分泌干扰作用研究进展

在对近年来国内外三唑酮研究的热点问题进行分析讨论的基础上,概述了三唑酮的检测、毒性、内分泌干扰作用等方面研究的进展工作。     

生活污水中环境雌激素的厌氧消化行为特征及环境风险评价

为了研究生活污水中典型环境雌激素（estrogenic endocrine disruptors, EEDs）在上流式厌氧污泥床（upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, UASB）和厌氧滤池（anaerobic filter, AF）中的行为特征和去除机制,采用固相萃取（SPE）LC/MS/MS分析方法,测定了9种EEDs的浓度和污泥吸附量,利用壬基酚当量（nonylphenol equivalent quantity, NEQ）进行了环境风险评价.结果表明,厌氧污泥对各EEDs的吸附能力与该物质的lgK_ow煤头肿映ざ认喙兀籙ASB对雌二醇（E2）和大豆苷元的去除率分别达83.2%和90.4%,AF对染料木素的去除率达81.6%; 9种EEDs在UASB和AF中的污泥水分配系数（K_p）分别为0.15～23.3和0.05～159.67;综合分析去除率和K_p值数据,揭示了生物降解是大豆苷元、染料木素、双酚A（BPA）和雌三醇（E3）的主要去除途径;出水的NEQ均小于美国EPA的壬基酚水质标准（28　μg·L^－１,小时平均浓度标准）,表明EEDs经厌氧处理后其环境风险有所降低.     

夏季渤海表层沉积物中壬基酚和双酚A的分布特征与潜在生态风险

分析了渤海表层沉积物中壬基酚和双酚A的分布特征。结果表明,壬基酚的含量介于(3.16～13.6)×10-9(dw),高值区出现在渤海湾近岸,其次为辽东半岛近岸和莱州湾近岸,其它海区的含量均低于7.50×10-9(dw),且变化幅度较小。渤海沉积物中的双酚A含量普遍较低,介于(ND～1.44)×10-9(dw),高值区出现在辽东湾近岸。壬基酚和双酚A的含量分布受到陆源输入、环流体系及沉积环境等因素的共同影响。本文还讨论了渤海中壬基酚和双酚A的潜在生态风险。     

Antiestrogenic activity of anthropogenic and natural chemicals

A number of natural and man-made chemicals possess antiestrogenic activity, i.e. they antagonize a broad spectrum of estrogen-induced responses in vertebrates. Examples of antiestrogens include dioxin, furan and PCB congeners, certain PAHs, pesticides and indol-3-carbinol derivatives. Major mechanisms of antiestrogenicity are antagonistic action of chemicals at the estrogen receptor, or binding of chemicals to the arylhydrocarbon (Ah) receptor and subsequent interaction with estrogen-responsive genes. Toxicological consequences resulting from antiestrogenic activity have not been conclusively demonstrated to date, although antiestrogenic compounds could critically affect sensitive reproductive and developmental processes.     

全氟辛磺酸（PFOS）对非洲爪蟾（Xenopus laevis）生长发育、甲状腺和性腺组织学的影响

为了揭示全氟辛磺酸(PFOS)的甲状腺激素和性激素干扰效应,并探索运用爪蟾动物模型同时检测多种环境内分泌干扰效应的可能性,将NF48阶段非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)蝌蚪暴露于0.01、0.1和1mg·L-1PFOS中6个月,检测PFOS对爪蟾生长、变态、甲状腺和性腺的影响.结果表明,在各取样时间,PFOS组爪蟾体长、体重和蝌蚪尾长与对照组均无显著差异(p>0.05);2个月后,PFOS组比对照组平均慢1个发育阶段,4和6个月后,0.01mg·L-1PFOS组反而比对照组分别快1和2个发育阶段.6个月后,PFOS组甲状腺出现滤泡上皮细胞增生、胶质减少甚至空泡化等现象,且随着PFOS浓度的增加而加重;各组幼蛙性腺出现间性、睾丸珍珠状和先天性萎缩等畸形现象,外观为间性的性腺主要表现为睾丸组织中产生类似雌性个体的卵巢腔.对照组幼蛙的雌雄比为0.5:1,而暴露组分别为2.3:1(0.01mg·L-1组)、4.5:1(0.1mg·L-1组)和5:1(1mg·L-1组).上述结果表明,PFOS对爪蟾的变态过程具有小剂量刺激效应,能引起甲状腺组织结构的损伤,导致睾丸组织的雌性化和雌雄性比的异常升高,表现出明显的甲状腺激素和性激素干扰效应,可以认定为一种环境内分泌干扰物.实验同时表明非洲爪蟾可以用于多种环境内分泌干扰效应的同时检测.     

雌酮的氯化产物及其内分泌干扰作用活性

利用固相萃取-LC/ESI-MS分析测定雌酮及其在氯气消毒过程中产生的副产物,结果表明,雌酮容易和次氯酸发生反应,并检出了包括一氯雌酮、二氯雌酮在内的4种副产物．用酵母双杂交方法对副产物的内分泌干扰活性进行了测试,发现副产物也具有内分泌干扰作用．     

邻苯二甲酸酯降解细菌的多样性、降解机理及环境应用

邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)是一类对人体内分泌系统有干扰作用的持续性有机污染物(persistent organic pol utants,POPs)。PAEs在环境介质如水体、底泥和土壤中长期赋存会对生物体产生毒害效应,其分布广、浓度高和难降解等特点是限制有效环境治理的主要因素。作为环境的重要组成部分,微生物对污染物有很强的适应能力和高效的降解能力,这为PAEs的生物修复提供了可能。与物理化学修复法相比,微生物修复技术具有可控性强、修复面广和灵活性高等优势。本文综述了已报道的大部分PAEs降解细菌的种类及其代谢机制,并分析了其在PAEs污染水体和土壤修复中的应用现状与前景,以期为PAEs环境行为与生物修复研究提供参考。     

Effects of bisphenol A on Gammarus fossarum and Lumbriculus variegatus in artificial indoor streams

The impact of bisphenol A (BPA) on Gammarus fossarum and Lumbriculus variegatus was studied in four artificial indoor streams (0, 5, 50 and 500?µg?L^?1 BPA, nominal) over 103 days in a pulse–dose exposure scenario (weekly BPA application). For G. fossarum populations at day 103, the proportions of juveniles and of breeding females from the highest BPA treatment were in tendency reduced. For individually exposed gammarid pairs an EC₁₀ of 17?µg?L^?1 BPA (nominal) for the proportion of reproductive females in the fourth brood was determined. During the first three broods, the largest brood size occurred at the highest BPA concentration, whereas in the fourth brood it decreased concentration-dependently (fourth brood EC₁₀?=?5?µg?L^?1 BPA, nominal). Effects on L. variegatus were a reduced population growth (103?d-EC₁₀ of 2?µg?L^?1 BPA, nominal) and an increase in dry weight and the number of segments in large, complete worms.     

Determination of 4-nonylphenol in carp blood samples by solid phase extraction and chromatographic techniques

In this study, selective methods were developed for isolation, purification, separation and determination of 4-nonylphenol (4NP) in biological samples. Several methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and diode array detection and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectromotry (GC-MS) are described for the simultaneous determination of 4NP. The nonylphenols in the plasma of fish were extracted through solid phase process by using octadecyl, polymeric and octadecyl endcapping sorbents. The average recoveries in plasma samples spiked with 4NP of levels 1?µg?mL^?1 were between 80–95% using added surrogate standards. The aim of this study was to determine whether trace amounts of 4NP in fish plasma samples could be detected by solid phase extraction and chromatographic methods (HPLC, GC-MS). This technique of monitoring the levels of endocrine-disruptors in plasma samples is consistent, reliable as well as inexpensive.