以稻草和污泥为碳源硫酸盐还原菌处理酸性矿山排水

以污泥为硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)接种菌群,分别添加等量稻草和乙醇,研究了SRB以不同碳源处理酸性矿山排水(pH=2.5)的过程及不同碳源对硫酸盐还原和重金属去除的影响.结果表明,在无外加中和剂的情况下,污泥中的碱性物质可在反应开始的1 d内迅速中和酸性矿山排水的部分酸度,使反应体系pH值从2.5升至5.4～6.3,利于SRB的生长.污泥中含少量易被微生物分解的有机物,体系中仅含污泥时,SO24-还原率最低(65.9%).添加稻草可促进SO24-还原(79.2%),因为污泥中的水解菌加速稻草分解,为SRB提供相对充足的碳源.添加乙醇为对照试验的体系中SO24-还原率最高(97.9%).含污泥的反应体系Cu2+去除率均高于99%,SRB驯化前Cu2+的去除主要归因于污泥的吸附作用.以稻草和污泥为碳源可实现低成本酸性矿山排水处理,对矿山环境的原位修复有实际意义.     

石油化工行业可接受风险水平研究

石油化工行业存在着巨大的潜在风险,为了明确该行业的风险可接受水平,制定一个合理可行的可接受风险准则极为必要.本文在对国内外风险可接受水平研究的基础上,系统分析了国内外有关标准,对生命风险水平、经济风险水平和环境风险水平确定的基本思想进行了详尽阐述,分别给出了3种风险的可接受水平公式,提出了确定石化行业可接受风险水平的方法,需同时满足可接受生命风险、经济风险和环境风险.     

含硫油品储罐腐蚀产物自燃性的研究

通过模拟储油罐中硫铁化物的生成方式, 分析和研究了H2S气体在无氧条件下,与不同相对湿度的Fe2O3、Fe3O4和Fe(OH)3反应所生成的硫铁化物的自燃性.不同相对湿度的试样经6 h硫化后,其自燃性明显不同.以Fe2O3试样为例,相对湿度为0的硫化产物氧化升温最高为256 ℃,平均升温速率为10.8 ℃/min; 相对湿度为5%、10%和15%的硫化产物,氧化升温最高温度分别为474 ℃、408 ℃和388 ℃,平均升温速率分别为20.5 ℃/min、18.3 ℃/min和13.5 ℃/min.实验结果表明, 不同相对湿度、不同物质的硫化产物,其自燃性有显著差异,样品的相对湿度对硫化产物的自燃性有重要影响.对各种干燥样品的硫化产物进行电镜分析发现,由不同物质硫化所生成的硫化产物结构不同,致使其自燃性有较大差异.硫铁化物氧化反应放热是引发油罐着火的主要因素.     

Review of the remediation strategies for soil water repellency

Many regions of the world are predicted to experience water scarcity due to more frequent and more severe droughts and increased water demands. Water use efficiency by plants can be negatively affected by soil water repellency (SWR). It is timely to review existing techniques to remedy SWR. Ideally remediation addresses the origins of a problem. However, the fundamental mechanisms of how and why SWR develops are still poorly understood. In this review it was hypothesized that SWR occurs where the balance of input-decomposition of organic matter is impaired, due to either increased input or decreased decomposition rates of hydrophobic substances. Direct and indirect strategies to remedy SWR were distinguished. While direct remediation aims at abolishing the causes of SWR, indirect strategies seek to manage sites with SWR by treating its symptoms. The 12 reviewed strategies include applying surfactants, clay, slow-release fertilizers, lime, and fungicides, bioremediation of SWR through stimulating earthworms, choosing adapted vegetation, irrigation, cultivation, soil aeration and compaction. Some of the techniques have been applied successfully only in laboratory experiments. Our review highlights that it is not straightforward to cure SWR based on easily measurable and site-specific soil and vegetation properties, and that long-term, large-scale field experiments are required to improve the understanding of the evolution of SWR as cornerstone to develop cost-effective and efficient remediation strategies. We also identified current research gaps around the diagnosis and prevention of SWR.     

嗜热厌氧乙醇菌在纤维素酒精生产中的作用

以热纤维梭菌 (Clostridium thermocellum LQRI)和嗜热厌氧乙醇菌(Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus X514和Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus 39E)为对象,以不同浓度纤维素Avicel为底物,研究嗜热厌氧乙醇菌加入LQR...     

灾变性事件引起的消费品产业链价格波及效应研究

为了研究地震等灾变性事件对于消费品产业链内价格传递和市场的影响,本文利用从2008年2月至2009年3月四川省江油市畜产业链进行实证研究,使用向量纠错模型（VECM）和历史分解图（HDG）分析了价格调整的动态效果和沿产业链的因果关系。结果表明,价格的调整关于速度和大小都是不对称的,外生震荡对于该产业链的不同层面产生不同影响,导致价格差益的扩大和价格不完全传递。该方法能够有效地分析灾变事件条件下消费品产业链内价格波及效应问题。     

The potential for improvements in energy efficiency and CO2 emissions in the EU27 cement industry and the relationship with the capital budgeting decision criteria

This paper performs a cost-effectiveness analysis of some of the best available technologies (BAT) that can contribute to decreasing the energy consumption and CO₂ emissions in the European Union’s (EU27) cement industry. Several capital budgeting decision criteria have been used (the payback period, the net present value and the internal rate of return) to study whether or not an investment should be considered worthwhile. The results show that, independent of the capital budgeting decision criteria used, the number of cost-effective retrofitting possibilities available is large compared to the rate of improvements that the industry undertakes annually. This shows the insensitivity of the industry to financial criteria when it comes to making their investment decisions. The possible thermal energy improvement in the clinker production, if all these BATs were implemented, has been quantified to be around 10%. This achievement would place the cement industry in the upper bound of the benchmark range for clinker manufacture. However considering the delays observed nowadays in terms of diffusion of BATs in the cement industry, it requires a conducive policy environment that combines support for both technology development and to their deployment.     

中国旅游业空间集聚与集群化发展研究

旅游产业集聚与集群是联系密切而又有明显区别的一组概念,旅游产业集聚是集群形成的前提,但旅游产业集聚不一定形成集群,影响旅游产业空间集聚和集群发展的因素较多。选择行业集中度、基尼系数、赫芬代尔系数等指标,以相关数据为依据,探讨了中国旅游业的空间集聚问题,指出中国旅游业具有明显的空间集中分布与分散相结合的集聚特征。分析了中国旅游业集群发展现状与存在的问题并提出了相应对策,认为我国旅游业集群化发展是非常必要而且有可能的。     

钢铁行业大气环境影响评价方法与建议

按钢铁行业大气环评报告书的结构和顺序,结合HJ 2.2-2008《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》中的相关技术要求,从评价因子、源强、评价等级、大气监测、大气预测、防护距离等方面出发,分析了钢铁行业大气环评中的评价等级确定、大气监测、大气预测等工作中存在的问题,并提出解决方案和建议对策。     

Modeling the influence of ethanol on the adsorption and desorption of selected BTEX compounds on bentonite and kaolin

The study investigated the effects of ethanol on the adsorption properties of bentonite and kaolin for benzene and toluene removal.