醋酸纤维素包埋非水溶性介体催化强化生物反硝化特性

利用醋酸纤维素包埋法固定非水溶性醌类介体,研究其催化强化Paracoccus versutus菌株GW1的反硝化作用。结果表明,醌浓度在26.7 mmol/L时,固定化蒽醌(AQ)、1-氯蒽醌(1-AQ)、2-氯蒽醌(2-AQ)、1,5-二氯蒽醌(1,5-AQ)、1,8-二氯蒽醌(1,8-AQ)和1,4,5,8-四氯蒽醌(1,4,5,8-AQ)催化反硝化效率依次为:1,5-AQ1,8-AQ1,4,5,8-AQAQ1-AQ空白对照2-AQ。反应10 h时,1,5-AQ可使硝酸盐去除率比空白对照提高1.84倍;硝酸盐氮反硝化动力学拟合为零级反应,其速率常数Kx随1,5-AQ浓度的增加均呈线性增加(Kx=0.1885C1,5-AQ+8.378);水中溶解氧会降低GW1菌反硝化的效果;投加1,5-AQ的反硝化体系中亚硝酸盐积累的最大值比不投加介体的低48.3%;醋酸纤维素介体小球经过4次的重复利用,催化效果始终是空白对照的1.5倍以上。醋酸纤维素固定化非水溶性醌可以有效加速生物反硝化,表明其是一种较优的醌固定化方法,具有良好的应用价值。     

第一菊酸乙酯生产废水处理

采用“Fenton反应好氧生物接触氧化”工艺处理第一菊酸乙酯生产废水,确定了处理单元的设计参数;该工艺的CODCr、硝基苯、苯胺去除率分别为94%、78%、83%,出水水质符合(GB89781996)二级排放标准,实际运行效果稳定,运行成本适中,工程造价合理。     

苯砜基化合物溶解度和分配系数的测定与估算

本文应用线溶剂化能相关法研究了３２种类砜基化合物的溶解度及分配系数与溶剂化显色参数之间的相关性，结果表明，溶解度和分配系数与溶剂化显色参数呈良好的线性关系，测定值与估算值吻合得很好。     

水体中悬浮颗粒物对酞酸酯的吸附和解吸特性

选择水体中的悬浮颗粒物(SPM)--沉积颗粒物和浮游植物颗粒(铜绿微囊藻和普通小球藻),研究它们对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)的吸附和解吸行为.结果表明,SPM对DBP 和DEHP的吸附在很短的时间内即可达到平衡,沉积颗粒物约为2h,浮游植物颗粒约为0.5h;SPM对DEHP的吸附能力明显大于DBP;不同SPM对同一种化合物的吸附能力差异较大,这与颗粒物中有机质的类型和结构有关;在实验浓度范围内,SPM对DBP和DEHP的吸附和解吸等温线具有较好的线性关系,解吸过程存在明显的迟滞现象,且沉积颗粒物比浮游植物颗粒物具有明显的迟滞效应,DBP比DEHP具有较大程度的迟滞效应.     

Study of flotation conditions for cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solutions

Flotation conditions for cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solutions were investigated. Precipitate flotation techniques “of the first kind” (PFFK) and “of the second kind” (PFSK) were tested, using potassium ethyl xanthate (KEtX) as a precipitating agent for cadmium(II). The surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) were used as collectors for PFFK. The effects of KEtX and collector concentrations, induction time, bubbling time, solution pH and some foreign ions on cadmium(II) removal were studied. Under optimum conditions, cadmium(II) could be removed by PFFK by ∼93% and >99% using SDS and HDTMA, respectively. By PFSK, removal of about 64% for cadmium(II) was obtained. The two developed precipitate flotation methods were also tested for simultaneous removal of cadmium(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) from distilled water and tap water. The effectiveness of PFFK suggests its employment for metal-polluted wastewaters.     

Effluents from MBT plants: Plasma techniques for the treatment of VOCs

Mechanical–biological treatments (MBTs) of urban waste are growing in popularity in many European countries. Recent studies pointed out that their contribution in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other air pollutants is not negligible. Compared to classical removal technologies, non-thermal plasmas (NTP) showed better performances and low energy consumption when applied to treat lowly concentrated streams. Therefore, to study the feasibility of the application of NTP to MBTs, a Dielectric Barrier Discharge reactor was applied to treat a mixture of air and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), to simulate emissions from MBTs. The removal efficiency of MEK was linearly dependent upon time, power and specific input energy. Only 2–4% of MEK was converted to carbon dioxide (CO₂), the remaining carbon being involved in the formation of byproducts (methyl nitrate and 2,3-butanedione, especially). For future development of pilot-scale reactors, acting on residence time, power, convective flow and catalysts will help finding a compromise between energy consumption, desired abatement and selectivity to CO₂.     

化感物质肉桂酸乙酯对蛋白核小球藻生长及生理特性的影响

探讨了肉桂酸乙酯对蛋白核小球藻生长及生理特性的影响,从叶绿素a含量,抗氧化系酶活性,活性氧自由基(ROS)水平,丙二醛(MDA)含量以及光合活性的变化研究了其抑藻的生理生化机制.结果表明,肉桂酸乙酯对蛋白核小球藻具有快速抑制效应,随着浓度的增加抑制效果越明显.其96 h半效应浓度EC50值为5.45 mg·L-1.肉桂酸乙酯引起细胞内叶绿素a含量下降,活性氧(ROS)的过度累积和MDA含量的增加.由此,说明肉桂酸乙酯通过引起活性氧的过度产生,导致膜脂过氧化,引起藻细胞膜系统受损,代谢发生紊乱.为了清除ROS,细胞通过提高抗氧化系酶的活性来保护其免受氧化损伤.肉桂酸乙酯对蛋白核小球藻细胞光合系统Ⅱ的最大光化学量子产量和潜在活性具有一定的急性毒性效应,但随着时间的延长藻细胞可以通过自身调节在一定程度上恢复其光合活性.     

气相色谱法同时测定废气中的丙酮和丁酮

建立了用气相色谱法测定废气中丙酮和丁酮的方法。废气中丙酮和丁酮活性炭吸附,二硫化碳解吸,NNOWAX毛细管柱分离,直接进样分析,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,时间定性,峰面积定量,其丙酮回收率为91.6%～103.5%,丁酮回收率为90.2%～104.3%,当采样体积为30L,丙酮和丁酮最低检出质量浓度为0.001mg/m3。本方法前处理简便,分离度好干扰少,分析灵敏度高,有机试剂使用量少,满足环境分析要求。     

活性炭生物转盘法处理化工废水

使用固定剂将颗粒状活性炭固定在盘片上，制成了一种新型生物转盘盘片——活性炭生物转盘盘片。采用一级微型生物转盘法处理模拟化工废水，对比了活性炭、石英砂、聚丙烯3种生物转盘的处理效果。实验结果表明，活性炭生物转盘对COD的去除效果好于其他两种转盘。在进水COD为600mg／L、水力停留时间为6h、盘片转速为4r／min的条件下，活性炭生物转盘对COD的去除率可达71．3％。此外，活性炭生物转盘还有较强的耐有机负荷冲击能力。在废水处理过程中，活性炭仅在挂膜的前7天起吸附作用，挂膜成功后生物降解起主导作用。     

Effect of Sequential Mixing and Compounding Conditions on Cellulose Acetate/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

Injection molded nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated from cellulose acetate (CA), eco-friendly triethyl citrate (TEC) plasticizer, and organically modified clay with and without maleic anhydride grafted cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB-g-MA) as a compatibilizer. The effects of processing conditions such as mixing methods, pre-plasticizing times, extruder retention times (RT) and addition of compatibilizer on the performance of these nanocomposites have been evaluated. The cellulosic plastic with CA/TEC (80/20 wt%) was used as the polymer matrix for nanocomposite fabrication. The morphologies of these nanocomposites were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were measured and have been correlated with the XRD and TEM observations. From all of the sequential mixing methods used, powder–powder mixing leads to the most transparent nanocomposites. Cellulosic plastic-based nanocomposites obtained using increased pre-plasticizing times and RT showed better exfoliated structures. In the system containing compatibilizer, the minimum retention time required for obtaining almost completely exfoliated hybrid nanocomposites was shorter than in the system without compatibilizer.