双室微生物燃料电池利用乙酸钠和淀粉产电研究

研究了厌氧活性污泥接种的双室微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cells,MFCs) 分别供给以乙酸钠和淀粉为底物的人工配水的产电情况和有机物去除效果. 结果表明,MFCs中能量的输出与底物的种类有关,使用乙酸钠和淀粉达到的最大输出电压分别为0.43和0.39 V,最大功率密度分别为36.03和 6.32 mW/m2,简单底物的输出电压和功率密度高于复杂底物. MFCs在产电同时还可有效去除水中的有机物,288 h时以乙酸钠和淀粉为底物的MFCs中TOC的去除率分别为91.15%和83.20%,NH₃-N的去除率分别为90.31%和86.20%. 扫描电镜发现,2种底物下MFCs阳极表面的微生物形态差异显著,以乙酸钠为底物的MFCs阳极表面生物相主要为杆菌和弧菌;以淀粉为底物的阳极表面主要是球菌,表明不同底物条件下MFCs中所形成的微生物优势种群也不同.      

气相色谱法同时测定室内空气中乙苯和乙酸丁酯研究

建立了用气相色谱法同时测定室内空气中乙苯和乙酸丁酯的方法。乙苯和乙酸丁酯经活性炭吸附,二硫化碳解吸,DB～200毛细管柱分离,直接进样分析,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,时间定性,峰面积定量,乙苯回收率为95．3％-105．5％、乙酸丁酯回收率为94．8％-104．8％,当采样体积为30L,乙苯最低检出质量浓度为0．002m∥m。,乙酸丁酯最低检出质量浓度为0．003mg／m’。本方法前处理简便,分离度好,分析灵敏度高,满足室内环境分析要求。     

Investigation of suitable precursors for manganese oxide catalysts in ethyl acetate oxidation

The control of ethyl acetate emissions from fermentation and extraction processes in the pharmaceutical industry is of great importance to the environment. We have developed three Mn₂O₃ catalysts by using different Mn precursors (MnCl₂, Mn(CH₃COO)₂, MnSO₄), named as Mn₂O₃-Cl, -Ac, -SO₄. The tested catalytic activity results showed a sequence with Mn precursors as: Mn₂O₃-Cl > Mn₂O₃-Ac > Mn₂O₃-SO₄. The Mn₂O₃-Cl catalyst reached a complete ethyl acetate conversion at 212℃ (75℃ lower than that of Mn₂O₃-SO₄), and this high activity 100% could be maintained high at 212℃ for at least 100 hr. The characterization data about the physical properties of catalysts did not show an obvious correlation between the structure and morphology of Mn₂O₃ catalysts and catalytic performance, neither was the surface area the determining factor for catalytic activity in the ethyl acetate oxidation. Here we firstly found there is a close linear relationship between the catalytic activity and the amount of lattice oxygen species in the ethyl acetate oxidation, indicating that lattice oxygen species were essential for excellent catalytic activity. Through H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) results, we found that the lowest initial reduction temperature over the Mn₂O₃-Cl had stronger oxygen mobility, thus more oxygen species participated in the oxidation reaction, resulting in the highest catalytic performance. With convenient preparation, high efficiency, and stability, Mn₂O₃ prepared with MnCl₂ will be a promising catalyst for removing ethyl acetate in practical application.     

过碳酸钠/钼酸钠体系对2-氯乙基乙基硫醚的降解机理与动力学研究

研究了不同温度下过碳酸钠/钼酸钠体系和单一过碳酸钠对芥子气模拟剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚（2-CEES）降解动力学规律,建立了相应的反应速率方程;利用液质联用技术分析了降解产物,并利用顺磁共振技术检测了过碳酸钠/钼酸钠体系产生的活性成分,推测了反应机理.结果表明,两种体系对2-CEES降解反应均为一级反应,过碳酸钠/钼酸钠体...     

醋酸乙烯生产过程废触媒的资源化回收

采用正交实验研究了微波、超声波条件对废触媒解吸效果的影响，对比实验结果表明，1次微波2次超声波联用技术锌的洗脱率较高，回收的活性炭超过了林业局粉状活性炭二级品指标。用洗脱的醋酸锌溶液制备的磷酸锌符合防锈颜料要求。最终的废液采用电石废渣中和后达到国家废水处理三级排放标准。实现了废触媒的综合回收利用。     

废水产氢产酸／同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化

为了更好地发挥产氢产酸／同型产乙酸耦合系统在废水厌氧发酵生产乙酸方面的优势,有必要寻找一种简单有效的方法以获得该系统产酸的优化条件。利用经过加热处理并活化的厌氧污泥作种泥,以模拟废水中的葡萄糖为底物,针对发酵时间、底物浓度、种泥浓度、初始pH进行4因素10水平均匀设计实验,得到了乙酸生产指标与产酸条件之间关系的回归方程;也得到了以高乙酸产量为主要目标导向同时兼顾高乙酸产率和高乙酸生产强度目标的优化条件;优化条件实验乙酸浓度比均匀设计中最高乙酸浓度提高20％左右。研究表明,将均匀设计应用于废水产氢产酸／同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化,可以避免盲目性,迅速获得满意结果。     

Combination e ect of pH and acetate on enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis

The productivity and e ciency of cellulase are significant in cellulose hydrolysis. With the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the pH value in anaerobic digestion system is reduced. Therefore, this study will find out how the pH and the amount of acetate influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The e ects of pH and acetate on cellulase produced from Bacillus coagulans were studied at various pH 5–8, and acetate concentrations (0–60 mmol/L). A batch kinetic model for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis was constructed from experimental data and performed. The base hypothesis was as follows: the rates of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis rely on pH and acetate concentration. The results showed that the suitable pH range for cellulase production and cellulose hydrolysis (represents e ciency of cellulase) was 2.6–7.5, and 5.3–8.3, respectively. Moreover, acetate in the culture medium had an e ect on cellulase production (KI = 49.50 mmol/L, n = 1.7) less than cellulose hydrolysis (KI = 37.85 mmol/L, n = 2.0). The results indicated that both the pH of suspension and acidogenic products influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in an anaerobic environment. To enhance the cellulose hydrolysis rate, the accumulated acetate concentration should be lower than 25 mmol/L, and pH should be maintained at 7.     

有机碳与温度对土壤吸附乙基叔丁基醚的影响

作为具有很大市场潜力的汽油添加剂乙基叔丁基醚(ETBE),国内对其在地下水土中的污染风险评价与迁移归宿研究甚少.通过静态吸附实验研究了ETBE在我国六种不同有机碳含量的标准土壤样品中的吸附特性.研究表明,在1～143 mg/L的实验浓度范围内ETBE在土壤样品中的吸附行为均呈良好的线性关系.ETBE在各土壤样品中吸附分...     

HACCP原理在某醋酸装置职业病防控中的应用

目的运用危害分析与关键控制点原理对某新建醋酸装置进行职业病危害控制效果评价,探讨HACCP原理应用于建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价的科学性和实用性。方法通过对某醋酸装置的工程分析和职业卫生调查,识别各种职业病危害因素;并依据职业病危害因素检测和健康检查结果,分析其危害程度。运用HACCP原理,找出职业病危害控制的关键控制点,提出预防控制技术,并验证其效果。结果检测结果显示醋酸充装站、醋酸泵、醋酸精馏塔采样口醋酸浓度超标,醋酸外操岗位8h等效连续A声级超过85dB(A)。结论 HACCP可以运用到化工企业职业病危害防控中,为预防、控制和监督工业企业职业病危害提供科学依据。