超声波-缺氧/好氧消化过程污泥EPS、酶活性及菌落数的变化研究

为研究超声波促进污泥缺氧/好氧消化的机理,采用最佳超声波参数（超声频率28kHz,超声密度0.1W.mL-1,超声时间15min,超声间隔时间12h）与缺氧/好氧消化衔接进行间歇试验,研究了消化过程中污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）组分（蛋白质、多糖、DNA）和相应溶出物占总量的比例,以及酶活性（蛋白酶,脱氢酶）和菌落数的变化...     

Isolation and characterization of facultative mixotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from constructed wetlands

Autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) have been widely studied in constructed wetlands systems, while mixotrophic AOB have been less thoroughly examined. Heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from wastewater and rhizospheres of macrophytes of constructed wetlands, and then cultivated in a mixotrophic medium containing ammonium and acetic acid. A molecular characterization was accomplished using ITS-PCR amplification, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results showed the presence of 35 bacteria, among 400 initially heterotrophic isolates, that were able to remove ammonia. These 35 isolates were classified into 10 genetically different groups based on ITS pattern. Then, a collection of 10 isolates were selected because of their relatively high ammonia removal efficiencies (ARE ≥ 80%) and their phylogenetic diversity. In conditions of mixotrophy, these strains were shown to be able to grow (increase of optical density OD₆₆₀ during incubation with assimilation of nitrogen into cellular biomass) and to oxidize ammonia (important ammonia oxidation efficiencies, AOE between 79% and 87%). Among these facultative mixotrophic AOB, four isolates were genetically related to Firmicutes (Bacillus and Exiguobacterium), three isolates were affiliated to Actinobacteria (Arthrobacter) and three other isolates were associated with Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas, Ochrobactrum and Bordetella).     

Autotrophic denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal using sulfur-limestone

In the study, both nitrate and nitrite could be removed effectively using sulfur-limestone, and the bacteria involved in sulfur-based denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal were of the same species.     

缺氧反硝化聚磷菌对生物除磷的影响

随着现代城市生活水平提高,丰富的各种日用品给生活带来了极大的便利,同时也给城市污水的处理除了一大难题。日常生活中各种洗衣液、灭菌液、清厕灵等表面活性剂产品的使用,导致城市生活污水碳源不足,磷含量明显增高,碳、氮、磷比例失调,最终,城市生活污水处理厂的除磷运行不稳定,出水磷指标不理想。如何提高城市污水处理厂的除磷效果一直是研究的热点。针对这个问题,在保证出水氮达标排放的前提下,重点关注除磷效果。因此,实验以广州市西朗污水处理厂改良A2O工艺为场所,通过调整预缺氧段、厌氧段、缺氧段的进水比例为1∶2∶3及内外回流比例,监控各段磷的含量变化,发现在缺氧段具有较高的除磷效率,可能存在反硝化聚磷菌,从而为实现同类工艺的除磷达标排放提供参考。     

SBR中短程反硝化除磷菌的培养驯化研究

以周期运行培养方式在间隙反应器中驯化以亚硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化除磷菌,并比较了硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐作为电子受体时反硝化除磷的效果.结果表明,经厌氧/好氧+厌氧/缺氧(连续投加硝酸盐)+厌氧/缺氧/好氧(连续投加亚硝酸盐)方式成功筛选出能以亚硝酸盐作电子受体的反硝化除磷菌,该系统磷的去除率可达88.62％;在外加硝酸盐,...     

油田注水高压脉冲电场杀菌实验研究

针对油田注水中细菌繁殖快、含量高的特点,文章采用高压脉冲电场杀菌技术对油田注水进行了杀菌试验,考察了脉冲电压、脉冲频率、处理量和杀菌时间对杀菌效果的影响,并对参数进行了优化。研究结果表明随着电压和作用时间的增加,杀菌效果增强;当脉冲电压在30 kV,处理量为20 L/h,频率在50 Hz或者200 Hz时,具有显著的杀菌效果;随着处理量的增加,杀菌仪对细菌的抑制效果变弱。     

铅镉胁迫下接种根际细菌和真菌对圆叶无心菜生长和铅镉累积的影响

铅镉胁迫条件下,采用盆栽试验．研究接种云南会泽铅锌矿区Cd超累积植物-圆叶无心菜的根际细菌和真菌,对圆叶无心菜的生长和铅镉累积的影响,结果表明：2株根际真菌（YQ2F-5和YG2F-6）显著增加盆栽圆叶无心菜地上部分的生长,1株根际真菌（YQ2F-5）显著增加盆栽圆叶无心菜的生物量。根际细菌对盆栽圆叶无心莱的生长和生物量没有影响。接种根际细菌和真菌对盆栽圆叶无心菜Pb和Cd的吸收累积没有影响。     

发光菌在环境毒性检测中的应用

快速、灵敏、低廉的发光细菌毒性检测技术能够准确评价各类污染物毒性,反映出水体的污染情况和污染物的毒性。概括了发光菌毒性监测技术及其原理,综述了在水环境、大气环境、土壤环境等方面的应用研究,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

西湖底泥中厌氧氨氧化菌的分子生物学检测

厌氧氨氧化（anaerobic ammonium oxidation,anammox）在海洋氮素循环中起了重要作用,而有关天然淡水生态系统中anammox的研究报道并不多.本研究采用16SrRNA基因克隆文库技术首次考察了西湖淡水底泥中anammox菌的分布与种群多样性水平.16SrRNA系统发育分析表明,西湖底泥中的...     

金属离子对剩余污泥水解嗜热菌酶促效果影响研究

利用从土壤中采集分离出来的嗜热菌进行嗜热酶溶解（S-TE）污泥稳定化处理,同时添加4种金属离子（K＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Fe2＋）,考察各金属离子对剩余污泥水解效果的影响.实验结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,4种金属离子都能强化污泥酶促反应,反应5h左右时蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力达到最大值.反应过程中,200μmol·L-1K...