氨氮和硫酸盐对谷氨酸厌氧生物降解性能的抑制及机理

采用连续运行1119d的上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器,研究了最佳有机负荷条件下氨氮和硫酸盐对模拟废水中谷氨酸降解性能的抑制作用.结果表明,有机负荷为8.0g COD/（L·d）时,COD去除率达到最高值为（97.94±0.28）%.逐步提高进水氨氮浓度,起初对谷氨酸降解性能的影响不大;但升到2000mg/L时COD去除率和甲烷产率明显降低,继续升至4000mg/L时即达到半抑制状态.逐步提高进水硫酸盐浓度至4000mg/L,甲烷产率和溶液中游离硫化氢（FS）浓度分别呈现一直下降和升高趋势,但COD去除率均能维持在90%以上.进水中的氨氮和硫酸盐分别因离解平衡和生物还原作用形成游离氨（FAN）和FS,进而抑制了产甲烷菌的活性;前者因FAN扩散到细胞内部破坏质子平衡从而过多消耗ATP,后者还因硫酸盐还原菌的增殖存在底物竞争抑制作用.     

油田注水高压脉冲电场杀菌实验研究

针对油田注水中细菌繁殖快、含量高的特点,文章采用高压脉冲电场杀菌技术对油田注水进行了杀菌试验,考察了脉冲电压、脉冲频率、处理量和杀菌时间对杀菌效果的影响,并对参数进行了优化。研究结果表明随着电压和作用时间的增加,杀菌效果增强;当脉冲电压在30 kV,处理量为20 L/h,频率在50 Hz或者200 Hz时,具有显著的杀菌效果;随着处理量的增加,杀菌仪对细菌的抑制效果变弱。     

A heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium Halomonas venusta TJPU05 suitable for nitrogen removal from high-salinity wastewater

• H. venusta TJPU05 showed excellent HN-AD ability at high salinity. • Successful expression of AMO, HAO, NAR and NIR confirmed the HN-AD ability of TJPU05. • H. venusta TJPU05 could tolerate high salt and high nitrogen environment. • H. venusta TJPU05 is a promising candidate for the bio-treatment of AW. A novel salt-tolerant heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacterium was isolated and identified as Halomonas venusta TJPU05 (H. venusta TJPU05). The nitrogen removal performance of H. venusta TJPU05 in simulated water (SW) with sole or mixed nitrogen sources and in actual wastewater (AW) with high concentration of salt and nitrogen was investigated. The results showed that 86.12% of NH₄⁺-N, 95.68% of NO₃^–-N, 100% of NO₂^–-N and 84.57% of total nitrogen (TN) could be removed from SW with sole nitrogen sources within 24 h at the utmost. H. venusta TJPU05 could maximally remove 84.06% of NH₄⁺-N, 92.33% of NO₃^–-N, 92.9% of NO₂^–-N and 77.73% of TN from SW with mixed nitrogen source when the salinity was above 8%. The application of H. venusta TJPU05 in treating AW with high salt and high ammonia nitrogen led to removal efficiencies of 50.96%, 47.28% and 43.19% for NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^–-N and TN respectively without any optimization. Furthermore, the activities of nitrogen removal–related enzymes of the strain were also investigated. The successful detection of high level activities of ammonia oxygenase (AMO), hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO), nitrate reductase (NAR) and nitrite reductase (NIR) enzymes under high salinity condition further proved the HN-AD and salt-tolerance capacity of H. venusta TJPU05. These results demonstrated that the H. venusta TJPU05 has great potential in treating high-salinity nitrogenous wastewater.     

石化废水处理厂中耐药菌和耐药基因的分布特征与去除效能解析

抗生素耐药性污染已成为全球新兴环境问题之一.本研究选取某座石化废水处理厂,对耐药菌(ARB)和3种形态耐药基因(ARGs):细胞内耐药基因(iARGs)、细胞外附着态耐药基因(aeARGs)和游离态耐药基因(feARGs)的分布特征与去除效能开展研究.结果表明,废水处理厂中检出四环素、磺胺和氨苄西林这3类ARB,其绝对...     

富炭硅肥对水稻土铁还原菌群落特征的影响

为了探究富炭硅肥施加处理对稻田土壤铁还原菌相对丰度、多样性及群落结构的影响,以福州平原稻田为研究对象,分别设置对照组及3种不同剂量(300,600和900kg/hm2)富炭硅肥施加处理组.研究结果表明:施加富炭硅肥有助于土壤铁还原菌的生长和繁殖,其中600kg/hm2施加处理对铁还原菌的生长影响最为显著(P＜0.05)...     

基于改良ASM1的SNAD工艺启动和优化

采用微氧升流式膜生物反应器(UMSB-MBR)启动同步亚硝化厌氧氨氧化耦合异养反硝化(SNAD)工艺,拟通过构建数学模型实现工艺启动过程分析及其优化过程预测.结果 表明:反应器历经厌氧氨氧化和全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺后,通过引入有机碳源(C/N比为0.5)启动SNAD工艺(总氮去除率可达87.66％),并运用AS...     

枣金属硫蛋白基因工程菌去除废水中的镍

以枣金属硫蛋白基因工程菌作为生物吸附剂处理含镍废水,对其影响因素(填料类型、p H值、重金属负荷率、吸附时间)进行了研究。通过正交实验,得到理论上的最佳条件,通过进一步分析找出实际废水处理中镍去除的适宜条件。结果表明,理论上在间歇实验中用枣金属硫蛋白基因工程菌去除镍的最优条件为:填料为陶粒,p H=11,重金属负荷率为0.2,吸附时间30 min。实际废水处理中为了减少碱的用量,缩短处理时间,可控制条件为:填料为陶粒,p H=9,重金属负荷率为0.2,吸附时间10 min。     

A management strategy to reduce bacterial pollution in shellfish areas: A case study

The problem of bacterial pollution in shellfishing areas is not uncommon in the coastal regions of the United States. Bacterial contamination from man's activities can effectively reduce our natural shellfish resource areas by forcing their closure because of high potential risk of diseases being spread by shellfish harvested in these areas. Tillamook Bay, a relatively small, enclosed drainage basin of nonurban character, presents an excellent study area for observing this problem. The high population density of animals, raised on a relatively small floodplain area, represents one of the major sources of pollution in the bay. This paper summarizes the history of the agencies involved with the problem and presents the current approach to alleviate bacterial pollution in the bay without unduly penalizing other industries in the Tillamook basin. The paper also presents some of the legal aspects of reducing water pollution in shellfish harvesting areas and the jurisdiction of federal agencies in these matters. Finally, recommendations are given to reduce bacterial output by the major source categories in the basin, and criteria for bay closure to shellfish harvest are developed to protect the public from bacterially contaminated shellfish.     

生化法处理生活污水中的耐冷菌特性研究

当水温低于10℃时，常规生化法中的微生物活性迅速下降，水处理效果急剧下降。研究分离出冷适应微生物用于低温生活污水的处理。实验证明北方地区市政下水道里的沉淀物中存在着耐冷细菌，它们均能在10℃以下生长、繁殖。     

SBR除磷系统中的积磷细菌

考察了ＳＢＲ生物除磷工艺模型中活性污泥的微生物组成及其在该除磷系统中的功能。结果表明，该模型中分离到的微生物有假单胞菌属，气单胞菌属，莫拉低菌属，棒状菌群和肠杆菌科的细菌，优势菌为假单胞菌。其中其中起除磷作用的主要是假单胞菌属和莫拉氏菌属的细菌，气单菌主要起发酵产酸作用。