Media and bushfires: A community perspective of the media during the Grampians Fires 2006

This paper examines the ways residents in the Grampians area in the Australian state of Victoria used their local and their state and national based media before, during and after the 2006 bushfires (wildfires). The researchers were particularly concerned to understand how residents evaluated media sources as trustworthy and credible in relation to bushfire warnings and information about the fires delivered in the media.

Analysis of data derived from two separate focus group sessions conducted by the researchers reveals four main themes. (1) The media are perceived as part of a broader information gathering process. (2) Local knowledge is the most important aspect in broadcast information. (3) Members of small communities can feel disenfranchised and resentful of the media when media coverage focuses on larger towns, and (4) the effects of media reporting, including specific warnings, are both immediate and long lasting.

The paper explores some of the tensions that result from the ways rural residents use and distinguish between local/regional and metropolitan and out-of-state bushfire information; and it encourages better use of the local/regional media to increase community safety and awareness in relation to bushfire mitigation, preparedness and crisis management issues before, during and after the fires. It is suggested that risk communications professionals need to understand that when mediated risk-related communications are provided, a key evaluative criterion is whether or not those media and the messages represent and reflect local knowledge.     

成套装置动态风险管理专家系统

传统的设备管理模式造成设备非计划停机次数较多、故障频繁、可靠性和可用性不高等问题。为了解决上述问题,开发了成套装置动态风险管理专家系统,该系统包括动态风险监控、数据存储、失效模式及损伤机理判别、动态风险评估、风险辅助分析5个流程。该系统通过GIS平台进行展示,使用户可以直观、方便地查找、定位管线和容器位置,实现了高风险设备的风险展示、管道剩余寿命不足报警功能和管道冲蚀图例展示。将该专家系统进行了工程应用,得到容器和管道的潜在损伤机及其风险等级,针对不同风险等级的设备,生成了不同的检维修策略,为工程应用带来了很大的方便。     

论知识经济与成人教育

本文阐述了知识经济的内涵与特点,提出了知识经济对人才的要求及对成人教育的影响和对策.     

绿色水处理剂高铁酸盐在水处理领域中的应用进展

高铁酸盐是饮用水和废水处理中一种多功能绿色环保水处理剂,因其具有高效的氧化、混凝、消毒杀菌能力,且不产生有毒有害的物质,在水处理领域中已受到广泛关注.为全面、系统地剖析高铁酸盐在水处理领域中现有的研究成果,运用知识图谱分析工具VOSviewer对来自中国知网(CNKI)数据库和Webof Science(WOS)数据库...     

中国煤矿企业应急管理研究回溯与前瞻——基于CiteSpace知识图谱的文献计量分析

我国煤矿事故多发,经济损失严重,如何科学地从煤矿企业应急管理体系、应急管理能力等方面进行深入研究对煤矿企业的安全生产具有重要意义。截至2017年12月20日,以中国知网（CNKI）的期刊库、硕博论文数据库和会议数据库中发表的煤矿企业应急管理方面的352篇论文作为数据来源,使用CiteSpace工具进行高产机构分析、作者分布特征分析和关键词分析,展现中国煤矿企业应急管理研究的空间分布特征、研究热点,并追踪前沿研究问题。研究结果表明:煤矿应急管理研究领域,研究机构和学者的分布呈现多样化发展趋势;而相关的研究热点主题呈多元化,主要体现在煤矿企业应急预案、煤矿企业应急管理存在问题、煤矿企业应急管理解决对策、煤矿企业应急管理能力、煤矿企业应急救援系统及煤矿企业应急管理体系研究等6个方面;结合煤矿企业应急管理的实际需求和研究现状,煤矿安全应急协同机制和能力、员工行为层面的煤矿企业应急管理策略以及煤矿企业应急物流能力等方面研究将是未来趋势。     

隧道火灾研究的知识图谱分析

为了解隧道火灾研究领域的整体情况,绘制隧道火灾科学的知识图谱,本文基于2000-2018年Web of Science和CNKI刊载的隧道火灾论文,利用VOSviewer技术,对隧道火灾科学进行全面可视化分析图谱显示,国际上隧道火灾研究的核心主题是Simulation、Tunnel Ventilation Temperature and Smoke、Tunnel Fire Safety,国内是数值模拟、隧道救援与疏散、隧道的消防灭火、火灾探测报警、隧道结构;高产的作者是Ji Jie和徐志胜等,近期活跃的作者是Zhang Shaogang和石晓龙等;开展隧道火灾研究的国家多位于欧洲。结果表明隧道火灾研究领域的发文量、主题分布及作者间的合作都已初具规模,国内更偏重于工程应用的研究,主题演变略快于国外,我国在此领域处于核心地位。     

Comparing the Use of Indigenous Knowledge with Classification and Ordination Techniques for Assessing the Species Composition and Structure of Vegetation in a Tropical Forest

dentification of groups that are similar in their floristic composition and structure (habitat types) is essential for conservation and forest managers to allocate high priority areas and to designate areas for reserves, refuges, and other protected areas. In this study, the use of indigenous knowledge for the identification of habitat types in the field was compared against an ecological characterization of habitat types, including their species composition obtained by using classification and ordination techniques for a tropical landscape mosaic in a rural Mayan area of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Plant diversity data calculated from 141 sampled sites chosen randomly on a vegetation class’s thematic map obtained by multispectral satellite image classification were used for this propose. Results indicated high similarity in the categorization of vegetation types between the Mayan classification and those obtained by cluster and detrended correspondence analysis. This suggests that indigenous knowledge has a practical use and can be comparable to that obtained by using science-based methods. Finally, identification and mapping of vegetation classes (habitat types) using satellite image classification allowed us to discriminate significantly different species compositions, in such a way that they can provide a useful mechanism for interpolating diversity values over the entire landscape.     

Privileged Knowledge and Social Change: Effects on Different Participants of Using Geographic Information Systems Technology in Natural Resource Management

The use of geographic information systems (GIS) technology in natural resource management has expanded rapidly: It is the preferred tool of spatial data analysis addressing large landscapes and is typically the presentation medium for conveying landscape-scale scientific findings to all kinds of audiences. In a case study using the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study in western Oregon, it was found that the use of GIS to analyze and display natural resource data in that project produced a variety of responses among different participants and participant groups. The findings offer insights into the workings of groups attempting public involvement in natural resource management.     

Characterizing land-use diversity in village landscapes for sustainable mountain development: a case study from Indian Himalaya

This study aimed to analyze the ecological, socio-economic and policy implications of land-use diversity in a traditional village landscape (900–1,000 m amsl.) in the Garhwal region of Indian Himalaya. The village landscape was differentiated into three major land-use types viz., forests, settled agriculture and shifting agriculture. Settled agriculture was further differentiated into four agroecosystem types viz., homegarden system (HGS), rainfed agroforestry system (RAS), rainfed crop system (RCS) and irrigated crop system (ICS), and shifting agriculture system (SAS) was differentiated into different stages of a 4-year long cropping phase and a 7-year long fallow phase, and forests into Community Forests (CF) and Reserve Forests (RF). HGS is the most productive agroecosystem, with soil organic carbon and nutrient concentrations significantly higher than all other forest/agricultural land-uses. Farmers capitalize upon crop diversity to cope with the risks and uncertainties of a monsoon climate and spatial variability in ecological factors influencing productivity. The SAS, a land-use adopted as a means of acquiring inheritable rights over larger land holdings provided in the policies during the 1890s, is less efficient in terms of land productivity than the traditional RAS and HGS but is maintained for its high labour productivity coupled with availability of high-quality fuelwood from fallow vegetation. Dominance of fodder trees in the RAS seems to derive from policies causing shortage of fodder available from forests. Cultural norms have favoured equity by allowing hiring of labour only from within the village community and income from non-timber forest products only to the weaker section of the society. Conversion of rainfed to irrigated cropping, a change facilitated by the government, improves agricultural productivity but also increases pressure on forests due to higher rates of farmyard manure input to the irrigated crops. Existing forest management systems are not effective in maintenance of a large basal area in forests together with high levels of species richness, soil fertility and resistance to invasive alien species Lantana camara. Farmers have to spend huge amount of labour and time in producing manure, managing livestock and other subsidiary farm activities. Interlinkages among agriculture, forests and rural economy suggest a need of replacing the present policies of treating agricultural development, forest conservation and economic development as independent sectors by an integrated sustainable development policy. The policy should promote technological and institutional innovations enabling parallel improvements in agricultural productivity and functions of forest ecosystems.     

Are farmers in England equipped to meet the knowledge challenge of sustainable soil management? An analysis of farmer and advisor views

Concern about the agricultural soil resource in England has led to the introduction of a range of measures, which potentially challenge farmers' knowledge about the soil and its management. Our understanding however of how well-equipped farmers are with regard to effectively carrying out more complex and knowledge intensive sustainable soil management practices is limited. Specifically, by drawing on the concept of scientific and tacit forms of knowledge, this paper examines the knowledge of soils held by farmers through analysis of data collected from semi-structured interviews with farmers and agricultural advisors and supplemented with data from an extensive postal questionnaire survey of advisors. The data indicate that, while farmers are technically well informed, they can often lack the in-depth scientific knowledge required to implement more complex practices such as using the nutrient value of manures. They also reveal that, while most farmers have good knowledge of their own soils, their tacit knowledge of soil management can be weak, notably in relation to cultivation. The paper concludes that although farmers' knowledge about soil and its sustainable management appears in general to be well developed there are some areas, which need to be significantly enhanced and as such require both a policy response and further research effort.