关于模糊综合指数与模糊向量加权记分

通过将模糊向量加权记分与模糊综合指数的计算步骤、计算内容和方法一一进行比较,证明模糊向量加权记分与模糊综合指数无本质差异。所采用的分制规定差异,只能使模糊向量加权记分所得结果更加不合理。采用模糊综合指数法,选用恰当的权重,可以克服“优劣倒置”现象。     

小型露天采石场危险程度评价系统的应用研究

介绍了小型露天采石场的特点，通过对小型露天采石场的危险有害因素分析，指出坍塌、滑坡、物体打击、高处坠落、爆破、运输事故、机电设备事故、粉尘、山洪是小型露天采石场常见的危险及有害因素。危险程度的专家评价系统能快速地跟踪和准确地预测小型露天采石场危险程度，提高安全评价的效率并及时提出合理的安全对策措施。     

基于知识的管道系统泄漏检测方法

提出了3种基于知识的管道系统泄漏检测方法,分别是:通过对负压波波形分段符号化处理,采用上下文无关法表示波形结构模式的模式识别诊断系统;以选取合适维数的功率谱特征向量而建立的神经网络泄漏检测系统;与泄漏机理数学模型结合的泄漏诊断专家系统。     

Incorporating GIS and MCE for Suitability Assessment Modelling of Coral Reef Resources

Assessment, planning and management for coral reef ecosystems are particularly challenging tasks, especially in developing countries. In this study, a methodological approach which integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE) for the development of suitability assessment models for a variety of uses of coral reef resources is discussed. Such an approach is sustained by an extensive use of local expert knowledge coded in the form of automated decision trees (DTs). The usefulness of the approach and the models developed is demonstrated by their application to the participatory assessment and resources planning at “Alacranes Reef National Park” (ARNP), Yucatán, México. Overlaying of resulting suitability maps was also applied for identifying potential conflicting areas.     

有机工业废水中常见污染物结构与活性关系专家系统研究

应用专家系统方法对88种有机工业废水中常见污染物的构效关系进行深入研究。结果表明,对学习集中68种化合物的正确分类率达到95％,对其余20种化合物的正确预报率达到90％。并应用量子化学方法对专家系统推理过程中所采用的部分构效关系规律进行解释。     

环境专家系统进展

本文对国内外环境专家系统的进展及其特点进行了综述。认为:环境专家系统可以应用于环境科学的各个领域,成为解决环境问题的有用工具。目前,基于事实的推理型专家系统是环境专家系统的主流,环境专家系统又是环境数据库、环境信息系统的进一步补充与完善。文中最后例举了如何将环境模式计算和环境专家系统结合起来解决区域大气质量评价的实际问题。     

模糊评价法在生物安全实验室环境风险评价中的应用

提出一种有关生物安全实验室环境风险的评价方法。构建生物安全实验室环境风险评价指标体系(体系共分为4级,包含3个一级指标,12个二级指标,10个三级指标,69个四级指标)和生物安全实验室环境风险评价的模糊综合评价模型;应用专家打分法确定指标的权重判断矩阵数据和隶属度数据;采用层次分析法对判断矩阵进行处理得到指标权重数据;按照评价模型的程序对权重数据和隶属度数据进行处理,最终得到生物安全实验室的风险评价值。以某生物安全实验室作为案例,运用笔者提出的方法,得到该实验室的评价值,因而为更好地分析实验室的环境风险,采取有效的风险预防措施提供了依据。     

Smallholder Farms as Stepping Stone Corridors for Crop-Raiding Elephant in Northern Tanzania: Integration of Bayesian Expert System and Network Simulator

Crop-raiding elephants affect local livelihoods, undermining conservation efforts. Yet, crop-raiding patterns are poorly understood, making prediction and protection difficult. We hypothesized that raiding elephants use corridors between daytime refuges and farmland. Elephant counts, crop-raiding records, household surveys, Bayesian expert system, and least-cost path simulation were used to predict four alternative categories of daily corridors: (1) footpaths, (2) dry river beds, (3) stepping stones along scattered small farms, and (4) trajectories of shortest distance to refuges. The corridor alignments were compared in terms of their minimum cumulative resistance to elephant movement and related to crop-raiding zones quantified by a kernel density function. The “stepping stone” corridors predicted the crop-raiding patterns. Elephant presence was confirmed along these corridors, demonstrating that small farms located between refuges and contiguous farmland increase habitat connectivity for elephant. Our analysis successfully predicted elephant occurrence in farmland where daytime counts failed to detect nocturnal presence. These results have conservation management implications.     

The Introduction of the Precautionary Principle in Danish Environmental Policy: The Case of Plant Growth Retardants

In this paper, we investigate the Precautionary Principle (PP) in action. Precaution is a fairly new concept in environmental policy. It emerged back in the 1960s but did not consolidate until the 1980s, as it formed part of the major changes taking place in environmental policies at that time. The PP is examined in three contexts. Firstly, we look at the meaning of the concept and how it is disseminated through the media and public discourses to the political arenas of Denmark. Then we examine how the idea is adopted to the political level. Thirdly, we look briefly at the first Danish translation of the principle into a practical context, which includes translations into concrete scientific practices. It is concluded that if the PP shall be more than a simple “idea” or a frequently used “term,” emphasis must be put on the transformation of the concept into concrete practices, like e.g., the alternative testing regimes that we show in the case of plant growth-retarding pesticides presented in this paper.     

高土石坝抗震性态分析与灾害对策研究

首先介绍了中国目前高土石坝建设现状,然后回顾了循环加荷动三轴测试技术、堆石料动力性质的研究、高土石坝动力反应分析方法和土石坝地震永久变形的研究进展,最后讨论了高土石坝抗震措施和土石坝地震安全评价及防灾对策专家系统的基本思路。