长江流域治理开发对生态与环境的改善和保护作用

长江流域治理开发是长江治理、开发、保护和管理的总称，包括流域治理、水资源开发利用、水资源保护、水土保持生态建设以及流域管理等内容，经过建国以来半个多世纪的发展和努力，长江流域治理开发取得了巨大的成就。在可持续发展战略和和谐社会思想的指导下，流域治理开发与生态环境建设息息相关，正确评价长江流域治理开发对生态与环境的改善和保护作用，对于促进治江事业的健康发展，充分发挥其生态环境效益具有十分重要的意义。通过对长江流域近五十多年来治理开发的总结归纳，分别从治理、开发、保护和管理等角度分析和总结了其对生态环境的保护和改善作用，认为长江流域治理开发总体上对生态、环境保护发挥了充分和积极的作用。     

关于生态补偿机制基本法律问题研究--以三江源国家级自然保护区生物多样性保护为例

本文以现代生态法文化观念为理论导引,在对传统生态法理论进行检视和对三江源区的生物多样性保护与生态裣机制进行尝试考评的基础上,以理论分析与实证调研相结合的方法,提出了具有建设性和可行性的法律对策。     

基于产业生态学的工业可持续发展研究

介绍了产业生态学的基本概念及系统分析方法，举例说明了产业生态学在工业可持续发展中的应用，并对应用中面临的问题作了分析，为进一步开展产业生态学在工业系统中的应用打下了基础。     

中央苏区红色旅游资源跨区域整合开发研究：文化生态学视角

红色旅游资源是革命精神的核心载体,其保护和旅游利用面临着破碎化、片段化、静态化等问题,亟需开展整合开发研究。以中央苏区核心区为例,基于文化生态学理论,采用GIS空间分析方法和修正的引力模型,研究红色旅游资源空间格局和文化生态变迁,在此基础上提出整合开发的策略,结论如下：（1）红色旅游资源点空间上呈现局部聚集特征,赣南苏区形成章贡区、瑞金市、于都县“金三角”分布格局,闽西苏区则形成新罗区、永定区、上杭县、连城县“银菱形”分布格局;（2）闽西和赣南苏区各重大事件红色旅游资源点在空间上8.9~106.6 km的范围内,形成带状或面状的文化生态基底,并呈现一致向服务业主导型转变的发展态势;（3）红色旅游资源网络联系方向与服务业主导型文化生态方向错位发展,这是赣南和闽西红色旅游资源内部网络联系度较强,跨区域网络联系度较弱的重要原因。在此基础上,遵循红色旅游资源文化生态空间一体化、文化生态演变全域化、文化生态发展动态化的原则,提出空间集聚区优先整合开发、高发展指数红色旅游资源跨省域优先整合开发、跨主导类型关键节点优先整合开发三个整合开发对策,以期促进中央苏区红色旅游高质量发展。     

流域水质目标管理技术研究(Ⅰ)——控制单元的总量控制技术

对国内外水污染防治技术体系进行了归纳总结,系统地介绍了美国水质管理技术——TMDL计划的技术框架和特点,指出TMDL对我国水质目标管理的借鉴意义. 在“以人为本,保护水生态”以及“分类、分区、分级、分期”理念的指导下,构建了以保持水生态系统健康为目标的流域水质目标管理技术体系,阐述了该体系的内涵和特点,研究了面向控制单元的总量控制技术方法,对水环境生态分区、水质标准体系的建立、水污染控制单元的选取、实际和允许负荷量的计算、污染负荷分配等关键技术进行了探讨,最后就如何实现流域水质目标管理体系提出了建议.       

过程耦合与空间集成：国土空间生态修复的景观生态学认知

新时期国土空间生态修复的核心是整体保护与系统治理,强调生态保护修复与社会经济发展耦合关联的系统性、协同性。景观生态学以景观为研究对象,基于整体综合视角聚焦景观结构与功能演变及其与人类社会相互作用机理,重点关注过程耦合与空间集成。面向国土空间生态修复的战略需求,景观生态学"格局与过程耦合—时空尺度—生态系统服务—景观可持续性"的研究路径能够为国土空间生态修复提供重要学科支撑;依据格局—过程互馈机理识别退化、受损的山水林田湖草生命共同体,基于景观多功能性权衡协调社会—生态需求并确定修复目标,应用生态安全格局优化多层级修复网络体系,建立面向景观可持续性的多尺度级联福祉保障。     

珠江口浮游藻类生态及与关键水质因子分析

从宏观上和特殊性两方面对其进行浮游藻类生态发生与关键水质因子 (盐度、DO、PO4 P、NO3 N)关联的研究与总结。得出二者间确有关联 ,在 12个测点站位中 ,C12 站位具有水域特殊性 ,即在C12 测点具有溶解氧超饱和现象 ,溶氧饱和率为 115 % ,中肋骨条藻高达 8.6 9× 10 5L 1,个体百分组成高达 87.4 % ,藻类优势度为92 .3% ,该测点水域处于赤潮状态 ,并导致C12 测点活性磷浓度为最低测值。由于硝酸盐含量很高 ,藻类生长和硝酸盐的特殊对应关系不明显。相关分析显示 ,在整个水域盐度与藻类生长为正相关 ,藻类丰度与最高溶氧也为正相关 ,藻类生长与活性磷和硝酸盐之间乃为负相关     

Applying ecosystem concepts to the planning of industrial areas: a case study of Singapore’s Jurong Island

The application of ecological concepts to the industrial setting has been touched upon by literature across several disciplines. Two emerging ecological planning approaches, landscape ecology and industrial ecology, are applied here to look at alternative ways of planning industrial parks. As an emerging field, landscape ecology provides different viewpoints from the traditional approach of natural conservation, which mainly focuses on the protection of nature. The approach of landscape ecology regards the environment as a land mosaic, a mixture of natural and urban environment, which concerns a manageable human-scale environment across one or two human generations. Industrial ecology, on the other hand, goes beyond the traditional “end of pipe” idea of pollution control and learns from the ecosystem concept. The current paper is an attempt to reconcile these two fields as an integrated approach to the planning of industrial areas. Using a case study of Singapore’s Jurong Island industrial park, two fundamental issues behind the idea of landscape ecology and industrial ecology are raised. If raw materials, energy and by-products are more easily replaced or reused by technology and management, then research on industrial ecology and related knowledge will be crucial for developing natural resource substitution by innovative technology and new ways of environmental management. Where it is difficult to substitute natural resources, the skills of planning and managing natural resources will take priority over other strategies. In this situation, the knowledge of landscape ecology needs to be applied to the prediction, design and evaluation of ecologically optimum resource uses, patterns and processes in the mixture of natural, urban and industrial environment. A new concept, “nurtured landscape”, is proposed for mediating between the natural ecosystem and the urban/industrial environment. The nurtured landscape provides a basis for the development of new ecological technology using landscape to ameliorate the polluting effects of the urban/industrial neighbourhood. The planning of Singapore’s Jurong Island industrial park provides a test of applying the principles of landscape ecology and industrial ecology to the possible transformation of an industrial area.     

The interactive effects of conscientiousness,openness to experience,and political skill on job performance in complex jobs: The importance of context

Caveats concerning the ability of personality to predict job performance have been raised because of seemingly modest criterion‐related validity. The goal of the present research was to test whether narrowing the context via the type of job (i.e., jobs with complex task demands) and adding a social skill‐related moderator (i.e., political skill) would improve performance prediction. Further, along with political skill, the broad factor of personality demonstrated in prior research to have the strongest criterion validity (i.e., conscientiousness) was joined with a narrow construct closely related to openness to experience (i.e., learning approach) in a three‐way interactive prediction of supervisor‐rated task performance. With the employee–supervisor dyads among professionals, but not with the control group of non‐professional employees, task performance was predicted by the three‐way interaction, such that those high on all three received the highest performance ratings. Implications, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of glyphosate and foliar amendments on activity of microorganisms in the soybean rhizosphere

A field study was conducted to determine the effects of glyphosate on microbial activity in the rhizosphere of glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean and to evaluate interactions with foliar amendments. Glyphosate at 0.84 kg ae ha^{? 1} was applied GR soybean at the V4–V5 development stages. Check treatments included a conventional herbicide tank mix (2003 study only) and no herbicides (hand-weeded). Ten days after herbicide application, a commercially available biostimulant and a urea solution (21.0% N) were applied to soybean foliage at 33.5 mL ha^{? 1} and 9.2 kg ha^{? 1}, respectively. Soil and plant samples were taken 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after herbicide application then assayed for enzyme and respiration activities. Soil respiration and enzyme activity increased with glyphosate and foliar amendment applications during the 2002 growing season; however, similar increases were not observed in 2003. Contrasting cumulative rainfall between 2002 and 2003 likely accounted for differences in soil microbial activities. Increases in soil microbial activity in 2002 suggest that adequate soil water and glyphosate application acted together to increase microbial activity. Our study suggests that general soil microbial properties including those involving C and N transformations are not sensitive enough to detect effects of glyphosate on rhizosphere microbial activity. Measurements of soil-plant-microbe relationships including specific microbial groups (i.e., root-associated Fusarium spp.) are likely better indicators of impacts of glyphosate on soil microbial ecology.