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431.
K.M.S. Sundaram 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4-5):409-426
Abstract Fenitrothion and aminocarb formulations were aerially sprayed over mixed coniferous forests near Fredericton and Bathurst, New Brunswick, Canada. Insecticide concentrations inside the spray blocks were measured at intervals of time by trapping the airborne toxicants in a fritted‐glass bubbler containing dimethylformamide (DMF). The residues in DMF were analysed by gas chromatography. Concentrations of the insecticides in the air sampled decreased rapidly with time from peak levels of 1997 ng/m3 (fenitrothion) and 1201 ng/m3 (aminocarb). Concentrations of the two insecticides in the air samplers were dependent upon the nature of the chemicals, type of formulation used, spray timings and other environmental factors. 相似文献
432.
The exploitation of a low-quality gas field with high CO2 concentration is more viable through liquid CO2 produced from cryogenic distillation technology. Despite the bright potential of the technology, there are deficiencies in handling high concentration of CO2 at low temperature and high pressure during the blowdown condition. This study focuses on the CO2 blowdown at a cryogenic pilot plant designed to manage high concentrations of CO2 in the feed gas, high pressures, and low temperatures. A comprehensive design review and risk assessment using Inherent Safer Design (ISD) indexes were carried out in this study. The ISD was performed to identify the current risk level, and the critical parameters that may cause solid CO2 formation in the piping or equipment as well as to identify mitigation measures to avoid the temperature to drop below the CO2 freezing point during blowdown. The present findings confirmed that the initial pressure and temperature, as well as CO2 concentration are key parameters towards significant impact on blowdown conditions. Therefore, the reduction of the feed gas pressure from 80 bar to 70 bars has minimized the Joule Thomson (JT) effect during blowdown and avoided the CO2 solid formation in the system. Moreover, the relocation of the blowdown valve at the downstream heater resulted in a higher final temperature above the CO2 freezing point. The ISD indexes confirmed that the cryogenic facilities are inherently safer during blowdown with the mitigation measures adopted. 相似文献
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基于无线局域网(WLAN)的油田安全监控系统研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
针对油田监控对象具有点多、面广、跨区域的特点,指出对油田进行无线监控的必要性,并对6种常见的无线通信手段的特点进行比较;根据油田安全监控的业务需求,提出基于WLAN技术的油田安全监控系统硬件结构和软件功能设计方案;并结合工程实施案例介绍系统中无线设备的选型、安装和防雷接地等方面的工程问题。该研究成果实现油田的安全监控预警,减少或避免事故发生的可能性,有利于提高油田安全管理的科学性,具有实用推广价值。 相似文献
435.
Carrousel氧化沟的三维流场模拟与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用CFD的Fluent软件,采用标准的三维K—ε紊流模型,对桂林市七里店污水处理厂1#氧化沟的流场进行了数值模拟,对导流墙和推进器附近的流速进行了计算分析。结果表明,氧化沟下层流速较低,局部区域流速低于0.2m/s。为了防止污泥沉降,应进一步降低推进器位置。能量损失分析表明,卡罗塞氧化沟能量损失主要来源于沿程摩擦损失和局部损失。可通过增加墙体光滑度、降低入口高度以及增加导流墙的曲率半径等措施减少能量损失,改善现有氧化沟的水力特征。 相似文献
436.
Measurements of flammability and explosion parameters for dust/air mixtures require uniform dispersion of the dust cloud inside the test vessel. In a previous work, we showed that, in the standard 20 L sphere, the dust injection system does not allow generation of a uniform cloud, but rather high gradients of dust concentration are established. In this work, we used a previously validated three-dimensional CFD model to simulate the dust dispersion inside the 20 L sphere at different dust nominal concentrations (and fixed dust diameter). Results of numerical simulations have shown that, as the dust nominal concentration is increased, sedimentation prevails and, thus, when ignition is provided, the dust is mainly concentrated at the vessel walls. 相似文献
437.
Demonstrating process safety has always been one of the paramount concerns of Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) companies in the industrial sector, especially with the development of stringent standards such as IEC-61508 and IEC-61511. One of the means of process safety demonstration is through Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Verification. In some cases, SIL verification results show that several Safety Instrumented Functions (SIFs) do not meet their required SIL; and one of the actions is to add new SIF components. However, with the addition of new components comes a change order, which eventually leads to added cost and time overruns for design and construction projects; and in some instances, introduces additional risks to the system. This paper presents a case study based on the SIL verification report of a design and construction project. The scenario of interest involves the over-pressurization in the High Pressure (HP) Flare Knock-Out (KO) Drum which activates a SIF that will close two Shutdown Valves (SDVs), preventing added pressure to be delivered to the KO Drum. Seeing as two SDVs in a 2oo2 configuration need to be closed, the SIF was not able to meet its target failure measure of SIL 2. Three cases were set, in order to meet the required SIL. The first one involves adding new SDVs; the second case made use of upstream existing SDVs, while the third one is similar with the second but differs in configuration of the SDVs. SIL verification was performed for all three cases through the Fault Tree Analysis modeling technique. Results of this study suggest that using existing instruments can be a cost effective way of meeting the required SIL, which eliminates all the hassle and potential risk introduced when bringing in new instruments to the design. 相似文献
438.
R. C. Reardon J. D. Podgwaite 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):739-756
Abstract Gypchek®, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, is manufactured by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service under controlled conditions in a laboratory strain of gypsy moth larvae. Gypchek was registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1978 as a general use pesticide to control gypsy moth. This product has been the subject of intense research and development targeted toward maximizing efficacy while minimizing the cost of production and application. The current Gypchek tank mix is applied at 1.25 × 1012occlusion bodies (OB's) per hectare for each of two applications (3‐days apart) at 18.7 litres/ha per application. 相似文献
439.
440.
多层采空区流场局部动态平衡数学建模分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对大同矿区浅埋深、多煤层群、近距离、两硬条件下开采形成的多层采空区极易发生自燃的问题,进行风流流场调压分析,以达到控制采空区遗煤自燃及防止有害气体流人工作面的目标.建立了多层采空区流场调压数学模型,得出工作面风压调节的最优参数,结合工程实际分析,确定了多层采空区流场调压需要达到的预期效果.提出多层采空区流场局部动态平衡的调压方法,结合达西线性渗流定律,确定了多层采空区流场达到局部动态平衡的调压允许范围,并提出调压自动控制方法. 相似文献