Sexual signalling and viability in a wolf spider (Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata): measurements under laboratory and field conditions

This study examined the crucial prediction of the conditional-handicap theory, the relationship between male sexual trait size and male viability, in the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata. In this species, males court females by drumming dry leaves with their abdomen, and males with the highest drumming rate enjoy highest mating success. We determined male drumming rate, body mass, and mobility, which reflects mate-searching activity, in relation to male survival. Because it is often difficult to know how results obtained from laboratory studies reflect the natural world, particularly when the measured variable is survival, we repeated our study in both laboratory and field conditions. Males drumming at the highest rate survived better than males drumming at a lower rate in both laboratory and field conditions. These results are in accordance with the predictions of conditional-handicap models of sexual selection. Survival was independent of male body mass and there was no significant correlation between male drumming activity and body mass. However, large males moved further than smaller males, and males moving longer distances lost less mass than those moving shorter distances. These results suggest that, moving, and consequently mate-searching activity, may be a condition-dependent trait and that there may be a advantage for large males in mate searching. Received: 22 October 1998 / Received in revised form: 28 January 1999 / Accepted: 14 February 1999     

合理开发坡地资源--以江西省吉水县为例

本文通过对江西省吉水县坡地资源现状、特点的分析,从未利用坡地、利用不充分坡地、利用不合理坡地３方面对吉水县坡地资源进行了潜力分析,并提出了开发利用坡地资源的途径     

变电站电磁环境监测布点建模仿真研究

针对变电站电磁环境自动监测站布点方案普遍存在的效率不高、科学性不足等问题,以某500 kV变电站电磁环境自动监测站选址为例,通过建模仿真得到该变电站工频电场和工频磁场的空间分布,并实测验证了仿真结果的准确性。通过统计该变电站工频电场和工频磁场的空间分布特征,提出了基于变电站空间场强分布特征的自动监测站布点方案,建议优先在场强中位数分界线附近区域布点,以更好地反映变电站电磁环境。研究结果可指导变电站电磁环境自动监测站选址,提高变电站电磁环境监测布点的科学性,提升监测效率。     

交变磁场涡电流分离回收固废中有色金属资源研究

推导了交变磁场感应涡电流力数学模型 ,找出了影响涡电流分离效果的几个主要因素。涡电流分离条件实验证明了数学模型的正确性。涡电流分离实验的显著效果表明 ,交变磁场涡电流分离技术作为一项具有十分广阔应用前景的固废资源化技术 ,具有重要的研究意义     

天然气气田开发中钻井与集输管线工程环境监理浅议

天然气气田开发工程属生态影响类建设项目,其中以钻井工程和集输管线工程对环境影响最大,其特点是：污染物种类复杂,环境影响时间长,影响范围广,生态扰动大。本文结合某大型天然气气田开发工程环境监理的工作实践,归纳总结了钻井工程和集输管线工程的特点,并针对工程实施过程中存在的主要环境问题,着重分析了开展工程环境监理的重点工作内容。     

圆柱形无约束气云爆炸高温效应研究

为了分析无约束可燃气云爆炸产生的高温伤害效应,建立了相应的数学模型,利用有限体积的离散方法,对无约束空间内甲烷浓度10％、高径比为1的圆柱形可燃气云爆炸的瞬态温度场进行了数值研究。研究结果表明,圆柱形可燃气云爆炸的温度场呈不对称性分布,靠近地面处足最危险区域,高温可能达到的最大怪直高度和最大水平距离分别约为圆柱体高的2倍和半径的3．2倍。对数值模拟结果的数据进行多项式拟合,得到了圆柱形可燃气云爆炸场最高温度随水平距离、初温及参与爆炸气云质量的函数关系式,给可燃气云爆炸灾害的预测及防护提供了科学依据。     

旋风静电除尘器流场分布测试研究

利用五孔探针系统对直筒式旋风静电除尘器模型的三维流场进行了测定与分析.结果表明:随着入口风速、供电电压增加,旋风静电除尘器内气流的切向和径向速度分别增加,各截面轴向速度沿半径的分布基本相似;与旋风除尘器相比,旋风静电除尘器内气流的切向速度和径向速度的变化更为平缓,入口风速为8.5 m/s时,在0.3～0.5倍简体直径时,切向速度达最大.     

Biodegradation of high concentration phenol containing heavy metal ions by functional biofilm in bioelectro-reactor

Functional microorganisms to high concentration phenol containing Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ were cultured and biofilm was formed on polypropylene packings in bioelectro-reactor. It was found that the biodegradation capability of such biofilm to phenol changed with the applied voltage. Under the optimal electric field conditions （voltage of 3.0 V, electric field of strength 17.7 V/m and current density of 1.98 A/m2）, biodegradation efficiency of phenol aof concentration of 1200 mg/L increased 33% compared to the instance without applying electric field. However, voltage had inverse effect on biodegradation, as microorganisms were killed under strong electric field. Voltage had little effect on heavy ions elimination. Higher absorption rate of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ was observed when changing pH fi＇om acidic to neutral. The experiment results indicated that, after treatment, 10 L phenol of 2400 mg/L was biodegraded completely within 55 h and concentrations of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ dropped to less than 1 mg/L within 12 h and 6 h, fi＇om initial values of 50 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively.     

标准受火条件下考虑水分迁移混凝土板温度场数值计算

火灾（高温）条件下,钢筋混凝土构件中水分的蒸发迁移会改变构件内部的传热过程,导致温升及局部温度分布发生变化。本文尝试在一定假设条件的基础上建立简单的水分蒸发迁移模型来考虑水分对混凝土板温升过程及温度分布的影响,进而对计算温度场进行适当修正。     

船载雷达海冰监测及预报技术在辽东湾冰区油轮外输作业中的应用

渤海的辽东湾是世界上典型的海湾结冰区,位于冰区中的石油平台油轮外输作业中,流冰连续不断地漂移、聚集形成堆积冰,给海上油轮的外输作业安全带来严重危害。本文概述了在国内首次利用船载雷达,在该湾冰区石油平台上,现场采用雷达海冰监测预报技术系统,进行遥感海冰数据源的获取,图像的解译和数值化处理,得到流冰类型、冰厚度、流冰密集度、流冰速度、方向、流冰漂移轨迹等要素。同时首次现场实时计算出雷达冰漂流场矢量图,并开展了雷达海冰数值跟踪预报,在冰区油轮外输作业中得到很好应用,为雷达技术对水体和海冰监测和预报、遥感应用新领域提供科学依据。