温度与pH对生物合成施氏矿物在酸性环境中溶解行为及对Cu2+吸附效果的影响

探析施氏矿物在不同温度、pH下的溶解行为,对其在酸性煤矿废水(ACMD)重金属去除领域的应用具有重要的工程指导意义.本研究通过摇瓶实验,在0.16mol·L-1FeSO4·7H2O,初始pH为2.5的酸性体系中,采用氧化亚铁硫杆菌A.ferrooxidans催化合成施氏矿物.考察了15℃与30℃,pH为2.0$6.0环境条件下矿物的溶解行为,及生物合成施氏矿物对酸性体系Cu2+的吸附去除效果.研究结果表明,经过24h反应,施氏矿物合成体系pH从原始2.50降低至2.18,体系Fe2+氧化完全,27.3%的铁离子参与矿物的合成,矿物分子式可表示为Fe8O8(OH)4.22(SO4)1.89.生物合成施氏矿物在温度为15℃,pH分别为3.2、3.0、2.8、2.6、2.4、2.2与2.0液态体系中振荡72h,矿物溶解率分别为1.92%、3.34%、5.90%、13.09%、28.74%、44.53%与61.46%.在温度为30℃的上述酸度体系中,矿物溶解率在相应时间却达到2.04%、3.98%、8.34%、20.53%、43.50%、96.74%与99.92%.在pH≥3.5的不同温度液态体系中该矿物无溶解迹象.在15℃,pH为6.0、5.0、4.5、4.0与3.5,Cu2+浓度为40mg·g-1的液态体系中,生物合成施氏矿物对Cu2+的吸附量为(50.9±2.2)、(47.3±13.3)、(40.5±4.7)、(31.1±5.0)及(16.9±6.5)mg·g-1.体系酸度一定,施氏矿物在15℃与30℃条件下对Cu2+的吸附效果无显著差异.本研究结果对生物合成施氏矿物在ACMD重金属去除工程应用提供必要的参数支撑.     

Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation method derived from environmental economy

Evaluation system can encourage and guide entrepreneurs, and impel them to perform well in environment management. An evaluation method based on advantage structure is established. It is used to analyze entrepreneur environment management behavior in China. Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation index system is constructed based on empirical research. Evaluation method of entrepreneurs is put forward, from the point of objective programming-theory to alert entrepreneurs concerned to think much of it, which means to take minimized objective function as comprehensive evaluation result and identify disadvantage structure pattern. Application research shows that overall behavior of Chinese entrepreneurs environmental management are good, specially, environment strategic behavior are best, environmental management behavior are second, cultural behavior ranks last. Application results show the efficiency and feasibility of this method.     

区域森林火灾危害程度评价指标构建

为弥补用发生次数和受害森林面积评价森林火灾危害程度的不足,在拟定了林火次数比率、森林燃烧率、森林受害面积比率、每起森林火灾平均受害面积、森林火灾发生次数变异系数、受害森林面积变异系数6个指标的基础上,利用权重法确定了综合指标。结果表明,单一指标可以从某个方面评价森林火灾危害程度,综合指标则能更好地评价某个区域森林火灾的危害程度,更便于区域间的比较和评价。     

火车装油过程初期火灾扑救方法探讨

以敞口、小鹤管、人工装汽油为例,通过试验分析认为:通常采用的干粉灭火法从理论和生产实际来看都存在问题,细水雾法是适合火车装油过程初期火灾扑救的较好方法,具有安全高效的特点。     

大型油库消防系统存在问题分析及预防

对某些油库消防系统存在的阀门泄漏、冬李稳高压系统投用、消防自动设施故障、泡沫液失效、设计规范问题进行了分析,提出要从施工质量、隐患整改、消防演练、维保检测4方面进行预防,保证消防系统在扑灭初期火灾时效能达到最优。     

超市塑料袋使用行为的环境实验研究

塑料购物袋一直是社会关注的热点环境问题。文章以上海某超市为对象,采用现场观察实验方法记录了5 086份超市顾客塑料袋使用行为的样本,初步揭示了超市塑料袋使用情况和塑料袋使用的顾客行为特征,尝试为超市塑料袋的环境管理政策提供基础性的科学依据。结果表明:(1)超市中主要有3种塑料袋使用方式,依次为购买塑料袋、自带购物袋、使用免费手撕袋,其比例为15%、29%、9%,说明目前塑料袋使用行为具有一定的多样性;(2)影响顾客购买塑料袋的因素为是否有会员卡、是否徒手购物、购物金额,其偏相关系数依次为0.114、0.085、0.042。占总样本63.4%的单人购物情境中,购买塑料袋的影响因素为是否徒手购物、是否有会员卡、年龄、购物金额、性别,偏相关系数依次为0.849、0.486、0.329、0.291、0.180;说明影响塑料袋使用的因素具有综合性和复杂性。(3)顾客购物金额、购物件数、结账时间与塑料袋购买比例有密切的正相关关系;(4)按照购买塑料袋的倾向程度,可将顾客分为高、中、低3类特征群体。其中,购买倾向最高的顾客特征为无会员卡的男性中青年、非徒手购物,购物金额较高。文章研究为解决环境管理问题提供了一种基于现场观察实验方法的案例参考,建议将定量、可重复、可检验、以现场观察记录主的实验方法应用于各类环境问题研究和解决方案中,为环境管理提供更扎实的科学依据。     

The theory of planned behavior as mediator of the effect of parental supervision: a study of intentions to violate driving rules in a representative sample of adolescents

INTRODUCTION: The study reported here was designed to test the ability of the theory of planned behavior to mediate the effect of parental supervision on adolescents' intentions to violate driving rules. METHOD: A representative sample of 1,654 adolescents completed questionnaires during individual and anonymous interviews carried out at their schools. RESULTS: Results showed that age, gender, prior risky driving-behavior, and parental supervision significantly predict intentions to violate driving rules. Attitude and the subjective norm partially mediate the effect of age, prior behavior, and parental supervision. Perceived behavioral control does not predict intention and is not predicted by other variables. IMPACT: The results suggest that social cognitive variables partially mediate the effect of parenting practices such as supervision.     

Traffic behaviour among adolescents using mopeds and light motorcycles

INTRODUCTION: Motorcycling is recognized to be a relatively risky activity. Powered two wheelers (PTW) are classified as mopeds, light, and heavy motorcycles, the first two categories being denoted light PTWs. This paper reviews the scientific literature on accident risks and traffic behavior among users of light PTWs with the aim of clarifying the current state of knowledge. METHOD: Based on a risk analytical and an anthropological perspective on motorcycling, the paper discusses the significance of cultural and social factors as important aspects of safety. More targeted and effective safety measures, for example better training programs, are needed to prevent motorcycle accidents. This means developing a deeper understanding of the rider as an individual, and the individuals within different groups and settings. Why and how motorcyclists approach the road, its function as a social arena, the varieties of goals and values, and the motorcyclists' own perceptions of the behavior that ensures their "achievements" or "successes", are some of the issues. Today, this kind of knowledge is scarce and almost entirely absent from the scientific literature. RESULTS: We conclude that the massive quantities of data on numbers of accidents, the categorization of situations, the causal explanations related to speed, gender, age, lack of concentration so forth, can only be employed as support for safety measures as long as they are linked to social and cultural factors. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Risk informed decision making has become an integral part of authorities' and manufacturers' implementation of safety measures. This tendency is strengthened by the fact that the responsibility of product safety rests upon the manufacturers, cf. for example EU safety regulations. Therefore it is paramount that a thorough understanding of social and cultural factors related to the PTW driving is necessary for the industry to develop targeted and efficient safety measures.     

火灾下钢框架结构热-力耦合模拟与性能分析

基于"自然火灾安全概念"(NFSC)的基本思想,提出了火灾下钢结构热-力耦合模拟方法。利用ANSYS的参数化设计语言,建立了ANSYS软件与OZone火灾分析软件的数据接口,实现了火灾分析软件与大型有限元软件的耦合运用。基于火灾模拟软件OZone的分析结果,利用APDL语言,对钢框架结构进行了真实火灾场景下的热-力耦合模拟。研究表明:钢框架结构在真实火灾场景下,受非均匀变热流影响,结构内部将产生热应力梯度和应力牵移现象;同时钢框架中钢梁固接时,火灾初期变形较小,当达到某个关键时间点后将开始大的变形破坏,其主要原因是钢框架内部产生塑性铰,即钢梁由固接变为铰接,释放了对钢梁的约束。     

Parasitoid-induced mortality of Araneus omnicolor (Araneae, Araneidae) by Hymenoepimecis sp. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in southeastern Brazil

All species included in the Polysphincta genus-group develop as ectophagous parasitoids of active spiders, killing their hosts prior to pupation. However, little information regarding natural history and ovipositing behavior of most species are available. In this study we inspected 85 webs of Araneus omnicolor to evaluate the frequency of parasitism and host size preferences of the wasp Hymenoepimecis sp. We also described the web characteristics of normal and parasitized spiders and the wasp ovipositing behavior. About 41% of the adult females of A. omnicolor inspected were parasitized. The highest incidence of parasitism was observed among relatively small females while no egg or larva was found in large individuals. Araneus omnicolor builds a strong web composed of an orb and barrier threads, where the spider rests within a curled leaf. The parasitoid larva builds its cocoon within this refuge, and modified cocoon webs were not observed. The ovipositing behavior of Hymenoepimecis sp. was very similar to that of Hymenoepimecis argyraphaga parasitizing Leucauge argyra, including the position of the sting, the killing of a previously attached larva, and the expelling of the egg from the base of the ovipositor.