Diversity in sub-national EU implementation: the application of the EU Ambient Air Quality directive in 13 municipalities in the Netherlands

This paper offers an analysis of the implementation performance of the EU Ambient Air Quality directive in the Netherlands. It provides a systematic evaluation of the implementation of a procedural provision – the obligation to design air quality policy. It draws on original data on air quality policy measures that have been collected in 13 medium-sized Dutch municipalities. The analysis of differences in the implementation performance was performed using a novel three-dimensional conceptual framework. The findings illustrate great differences in the implementation performance between the municipalities. The focused comparison allowed establishing very precisely where the implementation performance is poor or even lacking, and which municipalities take their EU implementation task more seriously than others. Most puzzling, environmental problem pressure turned out not to act as a sufficient trigger for municipalities to take far-reaching air quality measures. In contrast to previous research, a more nuanced picture is painted when it comes to the concepts of ‘compliance’, ‘non-compliance’ and ‘over-compliance’. A careful dissection of the implementation performance based on the aspects of the conceptual framework produces hands-on recommendations to municipalities seeking to improve their air quality policy.     

Constructing meaningful environmental indices: A nonparametric frontier approach

Environmental information disclosure programs seek to motivate firms to reduce their environmental impact. A variety of environmental impacts are reported in these programs and often this information is aggregated into a composite environmental index (CEI) for easier communication. The challenge is to create a meaningful index that allows environmental performance to be compared over time and space without ambiguity. In this paper, we argue that it is important to develop a cardinally meaningful and standardized CEI and use a nonparametric frontier approach to constructing such an index. This approach has the advantage to handle issues associated with data irregularity and the mixed measurability of underlying variables. We apply this approach to constructing a CEI for evaluating the environmental performance of manufacturing facilities in different industrial sectors in Los Angeles based on data from the toxic release inventory. We show how the CEI can be used to improve facility-level environmental performance. A sensitivity analysis is conducted with respect to the uncertainty in data accuracy, which demonstrates the robustness of the nonparametric frontier approach in constructing meaningful environmental indices.     

灌浆套筒连接预制拼装桥墩抗剪性能对比试验研究

灌浆套筒连接预制拼装桥墩抗弯性能得到了广泛研究,但抗剪性能研究较少.为对比分析灌浆套筒连接预制拼装桥墩抗剪性能,制作了2个相同缩尺比的现浇和预制拼装桥墩模型.通过拟静力方式测到了两类结构极限承载力、变形和耗能能力等抗震性能指标.对比分析结果表明,预制桥墩与现浇桥墩破坏模式存在显著差异,但是预制桥墩具备与现浇桥墩相近的耗...     

拉萨站线缆材料短期试验性能分析

分析了线缆材料在拉萨自然环境试验站中1～2年的短周期试验性能变化。线缆高分子材料在土壤环境中性能变化较小,而在大气环境中力学性能有所下降,HDPE耐环境性能、应力开裂性能下降26％;金属在土壤环境中腐蚀较轻。拉萨大气与土壤自然环境对材料的短期腐蚀（老化）作用比较轻微。     

Performance Evaluation of the SLEUTH Model in the Shenyang Metropolitan Area of Northeastern China

Performance evaluation is crucial for the development and improvement of an urban cellular automata model, such as SLEUTH. In this paper, we employed multiple methods for map comparison and model validation to evaluate the simulation performance of the SLEUTH urban growth model in the Shenyang metropolitan area of China. These multiple methods included the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve statistic, multiple-resolutions error budget, and landscape metrics. They were used to quantitatively examine model performance in terms of the amount and spatial location of urban development, urban spatial pattern and prediction ability. The assessment results showed that SLEUTH performed well in the way of the quantitative simulation of urban growth for this case study. Similar to other urban growth models, however, the simulation accuracy for spatial location of new development at the pixel scale and urban spatial pattern still needs to be improved greatly. These inaccuracies might be attributed to the structure and nature of SLEUTH, local urban development characteristics, and the temporal and spatial scale of its application. Finally, many valuable suggestions had been put forward to improve simulation performance of SLEUTH model for spatial location of urban development in the Shenyang metropolitan area.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测水中有机汞

建立了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)测定水样中甲基汞、乙基汞、苯基汞等3种有机汞的分析方法。采用醋酸铵-L-半胱氨酸缓冲盐及甲醇体系组成的流动相按一定比例进行梯度洗脱,Agilent Zorbax Plus C18柱分离,经前处理的水样在液相色谱中分离后,进入电感耦合等离子体质谱检测其甲基汞、乙基汞、苯基汞的浓度。3种有机汞化合物均在0.50~50.0μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999 5。仪器检出限为0.09~0.12μg/L,方法检出限为0.4×10-6~0.6×10-6mg/L,3种有机汞样品加标的RSD均小于11.3%,2个水平的加标回收率为74.4%~83.2%。     

醛类化合物检测方法中腙类物质的衍生条件

通过对醛类化合物的DNPH衍生化酸度、摩尔比、时间条件的研究和衍生化结果的验证获得了过量DNPH条件下制备15种醛的腙标准溶液制备方法。实验结果表明,其共同衍生化条件为1.0~2.0 mol/L盐酸溶液中DNPH/醛类摩尔比不小于2∶1条件下,醛类物质与DNPH可充分衍生化。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中痕量双酚A

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中痕量双酚A,水样经预处理后,以BEH C18超高效液相色谱柱分离,在质谱电喷雾离子源负离子多反应监测模式下测定.方法在0.200μg/L～10.0μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r为0.9992,方法检出限为0.06μg/L,空白及实际样品加标回收率为87.4% ～114%,RSD为3.6% ～7.4%.     

ASE萃取—HPLC法测定烟气中多环芳烃

通过试验建立了加速溶剂萃取—高效液相色谱法测定烟气中15种多环芳烃的方法,优化了实验条件。方法线性关系良好,15种多环芳烃的检出限在0.003~0.1 ng/m3之间,空白加标实验的相对标准偏差RSD在2.7%~8.9%之间,基质加标回收率在62.5%~107.5%之间。实际样品的测定结果表明,该方法分离效果好,能够满足烟气中多环芳烃分析的要求。     

LugDown法设备性能的改进与完善方法

介绍了用于柴油车排气检测的加载减速工况（LugDown）法设备的构成与测量原理,分析了 LugDown 法设备在加载、功率扫描控制、排气测量控制等方面存在的问题。对照国标要求,结合 LugDown法设备的工作特点,探讨了在功率扫描性能、寄生滑行性能、排气测量过程控制、测试档位选择与扫描起始速度控制等方面的改进与完善方法。