我国某塑料垃圾拆解地周边居民多环芳烃内暴露水平调查

采集我国某塑料垃圾拆解地周边50例居民尿液,酶解-固相萃取对其进行前处理,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测了其中8种多环芳烃羟基代谢物的含量水平,并分析其组成特征.结果显示,该地区居民尿液中2-羟基萘、2-羟基芴、2-羟基菲+3-羟基菲、1-羟基菲+9-羟基菲、4-羟基菲和1-羟基芘的均值浓度分别为9.19、9.11、0.97、2.42、0.09、1.36μmol.mol肌酐-1.各多环芳烃羟基代谢物的含量水平普遍高于北京、广东、江西等地区背景人群含量水平,也明显高于欧美国家背景人群的含量水平,表明该地区居民有着较大的多环芳烃摄入量;各多环芳烃羟基代谢物之间相关性差异较大,2-羟基萘、2-羟基芴、∑羟基菲与1-羟基芘间的相关系数在0.474—0.737之间,表明多种代谢物的联合测定可更客观地评价该地区居民多环芳烃暴露情况.     

Determination of hemoglobin adduct of a musk xylene metabolite in trout as biomarker of exposure by gas chromatography mass spectrometry

Introduction Nitromusksarewidelyusedassyntheticfragranceingredientsinformulationofsoaps,laundrydetergents,lotions,andbody careproducts,andsoon.Thecommercial anddomesticuseanddischargeofthesecompoundsfrommunicipalsewagesystemshaveledtotheirubiquitousoccurr…     

溶解性代谢残余物生成系数的测定

介绍了活性污泥生物反应结构化动力学模型中的一个重要计量参数ｆｓｐ的估值试验原理和方法，以及对城市污水处理厂的污水和污泥进行测定的研究结果。结果表明，采用污泥好氧消化方法测得的ｆｓｐ值为０．０３０－０．０３２，采用分批试验方法测定的值为０．０６３－０．０７５。     

Influencing factors of disinfection byproducts formation during chloramination of Cyclops metabolite solutions

Effects of reaction time, chlorine dosage, pH and temperature on the formation of disinfection byproducts(DBPs), were investigated during the chloramination of Cyclops metabolite solutions. The results showed that some species of DBPs like trichloromethane(TCM), dichloroacetic acid(DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid(TCAA) could accumulate to their respective stable values with a progressive elevation in reaction time and monochloramine concentration. And 1,1,1-2-trichloropropanone(1,1,1-TCP) content decreased correspondingly with a continuous increase of reaction time. The amounts of chloral hydrate(CH), chloropicrin(TCNM), 1,1,1-TCP and DCAA firstly increased and then decreased with increasing monochloramine doses. Higher temperature resulted in a decrease of CH, dichloroacetonitrile(DCAN), 1,1-dichloropropanone(1,1-DCP), 1,1,1-TCP, DCAA and TCAA concentration. pH affected the formation of the different DBPs distinctly. TCM accumulateded with the increase of pH under 9, and DCAA, TCAA, CH and 1,1-DCP decreased continuously with increasing pH from 5 to 10, and other DBPs had the maximum concentrations at pH 6–7.     

碳中和VS水体甲烷超量释放/甲烷悖论

碳中和目前已成为国际共识,亦是我国政府的政治承诺.实现碳中和目标无疑需要人为努力,但自然界还存在着一些仍未完全被认知但又不可小觑的碳排放源.例如,地表水体中在常规水底沉积物厌氧产甲烷（CH₄）现象之外还存在着一种非常规CH₄释放现象（甲烷悖论）,且这种非常规CH₄释放量在某些地区甚至超过化石燃料使用、汽车尾气排放、管道泄漏等温室气体排放量总和.如果这种现象变得普遍,则有可能形成在21世纪中叶虽可实现碳中和目标,但在世纪末却难以完成控温<2℃的尴尬局面.因此,有必要了解甲烷悖论现象及过程机制,高度警惕甲烷悖论现象下的CH₄超量释放现象,而不仅仅是以完成碳中和作为唯一目标.基于碳中和目的,首先简述水体底泥常规甲烷生成途径,并由此引出水体甲烷超量释放现象,即甲烷悖论.其次,综述现有甲烷悖论过程机理研究,揭示表层有氧水体过量释放甲烷现象的实质.最后,分析调控甲烷悖论有可能适用的技术策略.     

二氯喹啉酸在稻田水、土壤和作物中残留动态研究

二氯喹啉酸为高效、低毒新型除草剂,在天津和吉林２年２地水田残留实验结果表明,此药在田水和茎叶中消解很快。二氯喹啉酸在田水中的半衰期分别为０．８ｄ（天津）和２ｄ（吉林）。在茎叶中的半衰期小于１ｄ。该农药在土壤中残留较低,消解较快,半衰期约为６ｄ;在土肿未检出二氯喹啉酸代谢物,按推荐剂量４２１．５－５２５ｇ／ｈｍ＾２,施药１次,施药间隔期为９６－１０５ｄ,糙米中二氯喹啉酸残留量均小于０．００５ｍｇ／ｋ     

Sorption–desorption of indaziflam and its three metabolites in sandy soils

Indaziflam is a relatively new herbicide for which sorption–desorption information is lacking, and nothing is available on its metabolites. Information is needed on the multiple soil and pesticide characteristics known to influence these processes. For four soils, the order of sorption was indaziflam (N-[1R,2S)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-yl]-6-[(1R)-1-fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (sandy clay loam: K_f = 5.9, 1/n_f = 0.7, K_foc = 447; sandy loam: K_f = 3.9, 1/n_f = 0.9, K_foc = 276) > triazine indanone metabolite (N-[(1R,2S)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1H-inden-1-yl]-6-[(1R)-1-fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (sandy clay loam: K_f = 2.1, 1/n_f = 0.8, K_foc = 177; sandy loam: K_f = 1.7, 1/n_f = 0.9, K_foc = 118) > fluoroethyldiaminotriazine metabolite (6-[(1R-1-Fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (sandy clay loam: K_f = 0.3, 1/n_f = 0.9, K_foc = 28; sandy loam: K_f = 0.3, 1/n_f = 0.9, K_foc = 22) = indaziflam carboxylic acid metabolite (2S,3R)-3-[[4-amino-6-[(1R)-1-fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1H-indene-5-carboxylic acid) (sandy clay loam: K_f = 0.3, 1/n_f = 0.9, K_foc = 22; sandy loam: K_f = 0.5, 1/n_f = 0.8, K_foc = 32). The metabolites being more polar than the parent compound showed lower sorption. Desorption was hysteretic for indaziflam and triazine indanone metabolite, but not for the other two metabolites. Unsaturated transient flow K_d's were lower than batch K_d's for indaziflam, but similar for fluoroethyldiaminotriazine metabolite. Batch K_d's would overpredict potential offsite transport if desorption hysteresis is not taken into account.     

Leaching of S-metolachlor,terbuthylazine, desethyl-terbuthylazine,mesotrione, flufenacet,isoxaflutole, and diketonitrile in field lysimeters as affected by the time elapsed between spraying and first leaching event

The effect of elapsed time between spraying and first leaching event on the leaching behavior of five herbicides (terbuthylazine, S-metolachlor, mesotrione, flufenacet, and isoxaflutole) and two metabolites (desethyl-terbuthylazine and diketonitrile) was evaluated in a 2011–2012 study in northwest Italy. A battery of 12 lysimeters (8.4 m² long with a depth of 1.8 m) were used in the study, each filled with silty-loam soil and treated during pre-emergence with the selected herbicides by applying a mixture of commercial products Lumax (4 L ha^?1) and Merlin Gold (1 L ha^?1). During treatment periods, no gravity water was present in lysimeters. Irrigation events capable of producing leaching (40 mm) were conducted on independent groups of three lysimeters on 1 day after treatment (1 DAT), 7 DAT, 14 DAT, and 28 DAT. The series was then repeated 14 days later. Leachate samples were collected a few days after irrigation; compounds were extracted by solid phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Under study conditions, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor showed the highest leaching potentials. Specifically, S-metolachlor concentrations were always found above 0.25 µg L^?1. Desethyl-terbuthylazine was often detected in leached waters, in most cases at concentrations above 0.1 µg L^?1. Flufenacet leached only when irrigation occurred close to the time of herbicide spraying. Isoxaflutole and mesotrione were not measured (<0.1 µg L^?1), while diketonitrile was detected in concentrations above 0.1 µg L^?1 on 1 DAT in 2011 only.     

青钱柳的化学成分

青钱柳 (ＣｙｃｌｏｃａｒｙａｐａｌｉｕｒｕｓＢａｔａｌ.)为胡桃科 (Ｊｕｇｌａｎｄａｃｅａｅ)青钱柳属植物 ,是我国特有的单种属植物 ,生于山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林中及沟谷水旁 ,该植物在民间用于清热消肿、止痛等[1] .但其化学成分的研究还未见报道 ,为了寻找活性成分 ,我们对该植物根部的化学成分进行了提取分离和结构鉴定 .1　实验部分1.1　材料及仪器植物样品采自重庆市南川金佛山 ,凭证标本由重庆药物种植研究所刘正宇副研究员鉴定 .熔点用ＸＲＣ 1型显微熔点仪测定 ,温度计未校正 .ＮＭＲ用ＢｒｕｋｅｒＡＣ 30 0Ｐ型核磁共振仪…