南岳自然保护区兽类资源考察报告

南岳自然保护区野生兽类动物资源丰富,共有33种,包括7目16科,属东洋界的25种,占75.8 %,属古北界的7种,占24.2 %.区内珍稀动物种类多,有大灵猫、小灵猫、野猪、穿山甲、林麝、獐等6种国家二级保护动物,12种湖南省重点保护动物.区内兽类动物由于偷猎乱捕,有些种类如华南虎、云豹已灭绝,有些动物种类已濒临灭绝,采取措施保护已刻不容缓.     

Syntaxonomy of Southern Ural Forests as a basis for the system of their protection

Using the example of Southern Ural forests, it is shown that the Braun-Blanquet method is promising for estimating the efficiency of the system of specially protected natural areas (SPNAs) and drawing up guidelines for its further development. In particular, evidence is provided that forests of the unions Aconito-Piceion and Lathyro-Quercion are protected quite insufficiently. Proposals concerning organization of new SPNAs are formulated.     

Factors Associated with Alien Plants Transitioning from Casual, to Naturalized, to Invasive

Abstract:  To explain current plant invasions, or predict future ones, more knowledge on which factors increase the probability of alien species becoming naturalized and subsequently invasive is needed. We created a database of the alien plants in seminatural habitats in Ireland that included data on taxonomy, invasive status, invasion history, distribution, and biological and ecological plant characteristics. We used information from this database to determine the importance of these factors in increasing the ability of species to become naturalized and invasive. More specifically, we used two multiple logistic regressions to identify factors that distinguish naturalized from casual alien plant species and invasive from noninvasive, naturalized alien species. Clonal growth, moisture-indicator value, nitrogen-indicator value, native range, and date of first record affected (in order of decreasing importance) the probability of naturalization. Factors that distinguished invasive from noninvasive species were ornamental introduction, hermaphrodite flowers, pollination mode, being invasive elsewhere, onset of flowering season, moisture-indicator value, native range, and date of first record. Incorporation of phylogenetic information had little influence on the results, suggesting that the capacity of alien species to naturalize and become invasive evolved largely independently in several phylogenetic lineages. Whereas some of the variables were important for both transitions, others were only important for naturalization or for invasion. This emphasizes the importance of studying different stages of the invasion process when looking for mechanisms of becoming a successful invasive plant, instead of simply comparing invasive with noninvasive alien species. Our results also suggest that a combination of species traits and other variables is likely to produce the most accurate prediction of invasions.     

辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚混合菌的构建及响应面优化

为提高辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OPnEO）的生物降解效果,在本实验室已筛选出的H1、TXBc10、OPQb11、TXBa23四株OPnEO高效降解菌的基础上,首次从构建OPnEO混合菌的角度,着重探究了四菌株等比例不同组合降解OPnEO的效果.结果表明,混合菌L9（H1：TXBc10：TXBa23为1：1：1）培养7d后对初始浓度500mg/LOPnEO的降解率最高,达到56.44%,比各单一菌株降解效果有较明显提高.运用单因素试验考察了影响L9的相关因素,初步确定L9降解OPnEO的最适外加碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和胰蛋白胨,最适初始pH值为7.0,最适温度为28℃,最适接种量为4%.Plackett-Burman试验筛选获得影响OPnEO降解率的3个显著因子为L9接种量、温度及初始pH值.最陡爬坡试验逼近3个显著因子的最大响应区域,采用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面法分析,确定L9的最优降解条件为50mL反应体系中接种量4.16%、温度28.20℃、初始pH值7.13、葡萄糖与胰蛋白胨浓度均为2%、OPnEO初始浓度500mg/L、180r/min培养7d,该条件下混合菌L9对OPnEO降解率达62.15%,比未优化条件提高了5%左右.     

自固定化微生物降解工业废水中的2-氯苯甲酸

经微生物自固定化的反应器启动快,只需1周时间COD去除率即稳定在86％以上,而接种一般污泥的对照反应器至少需4周时间才能达到该效果;且经微生物自固定化的反应器能够稳定地降解含易降解基质(葡萄糖)的混合配水,2-氯苯甲酸与总COD去除率均稳定在90％左右。对处理含单一基质和混合基质废水的膜生物相观察表明：二者差异很大,前者以球状菌为主,同时也有大量的短杆菌;后者主要以丝状菌为主,同时也有相当数量的球菌、杆菌。     

云南地区中国种子植物特有属的研究

物种特有现象的研究具有重要的区系地理学和保护生物学意义。利用大尺度的植物物种分布信息,探讨了云南地区中国种子植物特有属的科、属组成,区系性质及其地理分布格局。结果表明,云南地区拥有中国种子植物特有属125属,分属于59科,共含种子植物246种,是中国种子植物特有属的重要分布地区之一。含特有属较多的科主要为菊科Compositae、苦苣苔科Gesnefiaceae、伞形科Umbelliferae、禾本科Gramineae和唇形科Labiatae。从各属所包含的物种数来看,单型属占主体地位。根据科的分布区类型构成,云南地区中国种子植物特有属主要起源于热带地区。从属的生活型构成来看,主要以草本植物属为主,而木本植物属所占比重相对较小,暗示着研究区域内特有属的区系兼有年轻成分和古老成分,但以年轻成分为主。从空间分布格局来看,特有属主要分布在“田中线”以东地区。与过去的研究结果不同,我们发现云南地区拥有3个重要的特有属分布中心和3个次级分布中心。     

山西省河流湿地植被的维管束植物区系研究

在野外记名样方调查法和标本鉴定基础上,对山西省河流湿地植被的维管束植物区系组成和地理成分进行了统计分析.结果表明:山西省河流湿地植被有维管束植物449种,隶属于209属、65科.草本植物在温地植被的植物组成中占绝对优势,共计415种,占总种数的92.43％.从属、种区系成分来看,温带分布类型和以温带分布为主的属、种分别为107属和216种,占总属数的51.19％和总种数的48.11％,这充分体现了山西省河流湿地植物区系的温带性质.     

陇东油田井场油泥微生物处理应用

为解决石油开采及油井措施作业过程中原油散落井场产生油泥,污染井场周围土壤、水体、空气的现状,文章介绍了一种针对生态环境脆弱的陇东油田井场油泥微生物处理技术,可以实现对井场油泥环保、经济、有效处理。     

浙江古田山自然保护区青冈林植物物种多样性研究

分析了浙江古田山自然保护区青冈林的植物区系组成和群落物种多样性。结果表明，8个样地中共有维管束植物147种(含变种)，隶属51科92属。其中蕨类植物5科7属14种，裸子植物1科1属1种，被子植物45科84属132种。青冈林植物区系成分复杂，具有较高的热带成分比例。群落科、属、种组成多样性较高，植物种类丰富，组成复杂。群落垂直结构中，物种多样性依灌木层→乔木层→草本层的次序递减，乔木层、灌木层的物种多样性指数明显大于草本层。