高浓度超稠油乳化段废水前处理工艺研究

以高浓度超稠油乳化段废水为研究对象,对其基本性质及前处理工艺进行了系统研究.试验结果表明,超稠油废水前处理的技术关键在于:①采取合适的隔油沉降工艺参数,有效分离污水中的原油和渣泥;②采用适当的絮凝工艺,保证气浮出水水质,最大限度降低前处理出水的矿物油、渣泥和COD.为此提出了低负荷隔油沉降,高负荷组合气浮前处理工艺.通过延长隔油池的水力停留时间,可回收污水中80%的原油;两级气浮组合,污染物的去除率可达到:矿物油99%,渣泥98%,COD 86%.日处理量800 t污水处理厂采用该工艺方案和参数进行设计,系统运行稳定可靠.      

CAF工艺浓缩剩余活性污泥的可行性研究

涡凹气浮已广泛应用于工业废水和城市污水的预处理中,但涡凹气浮在污泥处理中尚没有应用.根据课题组两年多在南昌朝阳洲污水处理厂的试验表明,涡凹气浮可用于浓缩城市污水处理厂的剩余活性污泥,特别是低浓度剩余活性污泥的浓缩.     

混凝气浮-水解酸化-接触氧化-混凝沉淀工艺处理染色废水

该处理工艺对悬浮物、胶体,色度具有极高的去除率。对该废水在投加混凝剂的基础上再投加少量的脱色剂,脱色效率可达90%以上。混凝气浮预处理后,消减了废水中的有机物,大大降低后续处理设施的负荷,提高了整套系统运行的稳定性。同时,减少了投资规模,降低了运行费用,获得了理想的处理效果。     

用CAF涡凹气浮设备处理含油污水

用CAF涡凹气浮设备进行含油污水处理的试验，结果表明：当进水油、CODCr平均浓度分别为40.7mg/L、883.8mg/L，平均去除率分别为86.05%,32.62%，出水可满足后续生化处理的进水要求。     

铜尾矿白羊草重金属含量对叶际和根际真菌群落的影响

植物的叶际和根际微生物与宿主植物之间存在复杂的相互关系,能促进植物的生长,增强宿主植物对逆境胁迫的耐受性.本实验选择铜矿区主要恢复植被白羊草为研究对象,采用高通量测序的方法,分析白羊草叶际和根际真菌群落结构与多样性差异,探究白羊草叶片和根部富集的重金属含量对叶际和根际真菌群落特征的影响.结果表明,在白羊草的根际和叶际区域,子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）均为优势菌门.白羊草根际真菌群落的多样性和丰富度显著高于叶际真菌.白羊草植株叶际和根际真菌多样性受到不同重金属的影响,白羊草叶际多样性主要受到叶片Zn和Cu含量的影响,而根Pb含量是影响根际真菌群落多样性的关键因子.此外,叶际子囊菌门的孢菌科与叶片Cd含量有极显著正相关关系,根际丛赤壳科与根Zn含量显著正相关,可作为重金属污染区域生态恢复的指示菌种.本研究为铜尾矿生态恢复过程中发掘和利用叶际或根际真菌资源提供科学依据,也为筛选重金属污染区生态修复的植物-微生物共生体提供基础.     

Liquid-phase hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene driven by nascent H2 under an open system: Hydrogenation activity, solvent effect and sulfur poisoning

Hydrodechlorination is a promising technology for the remediation of water body contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE). In this work, the liquid-phase hydrogenation of TCE by Raney Ni (R-Ni) and Pd/C under an open system have been studied, in which nascent H₂ (Nas-H₂) generated in situ from the cathode acted as a hydrogen source. Experimental results showed that TCE was completely eliminate from the solution through the synergistic effects of hydrodechlorination and air flotation due to the formation of continuous micro/nano-sized Nas-H₂ bubbles from the cathode. Furthermore, the effects of inorganic anions and organic solvents on R-Ni and Pd/C hydrogenation activity were investigated, respectively. The results showed that NO₃^? and acetonitrile can form a competitive reaction with TCE; Sulfur with lone-pair electrons will cause irreversible poisoning to these two catalysts, and have a stronger inhibitory effect on Pd/C. This work helps to realize the separation of volatile halogenated compounds from water environment and provides certain data support for the choice of catalyst in the actual liquid-phase hydrogenation system.     

沟戈登氏菌对重金属的生物吸附-浮选和解吸性能

用沟戈登氏菌作吸附剂,研究了采用生物吸附-浮选和解吸法从水溶液中去除和回收重金属的过程,并对生物吸附浮选机理进行了分析.结果表明,沟戈登氏菌对各种重金属离子的选择性为Hg>Pb>Cu,但菌细胞对Cu的吸附能力最高.NH₄⁺的加入对吸附Pb²⁺有促进作用,而K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺共存离子的加入会对吸附过程有明显的抑制.当加入DA17.5mmol/L,pH为9.5时,Pb²⁺和菌细胞的去除率分别能够达到93%和96%,经无水Na₂CO3的₃次吸附、浮选和解吸处理后,它们的去除率仍然能够达到94%和97%.动电位和红外光谱分析结果表明,沟戈登氏菌的自然等电点为3.50,吸附Pb2+后增为4.02,与DA作用后降至3.02,吸附过程与细胞壁上的羧酸基团和乙酰胺基团有关,浮选过程则是有静电力、氢键、离子交换和化学络合等过程的协同作用.扫描电镜观察显示,吸附Hg²⁺后,菌细胞表明粘附有絮状物,菌体形状变得不规则.     

The electrocoagulation/flotation study: The removal of heavy metals from the waste fountain solution

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of heavy metals (copper, zinc and nickel) removal from the waste fountain solution by the electrocoagulation/flotation (ECF) treatment. After the printing process, the fountain solution changes its composition due to direct contact with different printing materials (plates, inks, etc.) and becomes enriched with metals. The effect of operational parameters, such as electrode materials and combinations, current density, interelectrode distance and operating time, was studied. Also, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the effect of main operational variables and to get a balanced removal efficiency of metals from waste fountain solution by ECF treatment. The iron/iron electrode combination yields a higher percentage of copper and zinc removal efficiency (>95% and >80%, respectively), while for nickel the aluminum/iron and iron/aluminum electrode combinations (>95 and >85%, respectively) proved to be more successful. The optimum interelectrode distance was 1.0 cm (for copper) and 1.5 cm (for zinc and nickel) for all current densities. Heavy metal removal efficiency increases with the increase of electrolysis time for all electrode combinations. Also, the increase of current density improves the ECF removal efficiency. Based on the results obtained through RSM, the optimized parameters for the ECF waste fountain solution treatment for metal removal were identified as: Fe(−)/Al(+) electrode with interelectrode distance of 1.5 cm, operating time of 60 min and current density of 8 mA cm⁻². Overall, the ECF treatment was proven very efficient in the removal of heavy metals from the waste fountain solution under optimum conditions.     

紫外光-氯联用污水消毒削弱拖尾程度的实验研究

研究了紫外光-氯联用消毒工艺削弱二级出水氯消毒拖尾程度.考察了紫外光-氯使用顺序、pH、氯投量、紫外光剂量等因素对氯消毒大肠杆菌动力学曲线的影响.SS浓度对"拖尾现象"有显著影响,降低SS浓度能够有效提高拖尾区灭活率.紫外光-氯联用消毒能提高一级反应区的灭活速率1.08～1.25倍,并将拖尾区灭活率提高2～2.5个对数级,二者存在明显协同作用.UV/HOCl方式效果优于HOCl/UV方式.降低pH,提高氯投量将加快一级反应区消毒速度而更快进入拖尾区.紫外光剂量变化对拖尾区开始时间没有显著影响.     

臭氧生物活性炭工艺处理某多金属硫化矿浮选废水的小试研究

某多金属硫化矿选矿厂浮选废水水量大,目前该厂对浮选废水的处理方法为尾矿库砂滤治理,但该方法存在效率低、周期长、回用影响选矿指标等众多弊端。为高效低成本的处理浮选废水,结合浮选废水的特点(低COD、难降解、高pH),开展了臭氧氧化-生物活性炭吸附工艺处理选矿废水的小试研究。选矿废水中各残留有机药剂及pH对浮选指标的影响研究表明,废水中残留有机药剂及pH对浮选指标均有不同程度的影响。臭氧氧化-生活活性炭吸附工艺处理选矿废水的小试研究表明,水力停留时间为4 h、反应器臭氧浓度为33.3 mg/L,可获得COD去除率57%、pH降低到8的废水处理效果。将处理后的废水回用于选矿,基本消除残留药剂及pH对浮选指标的影响。本研究提供了一种处理浮选废水的新思路,对臭氧生物活性炭工艺处理浮选废水的工业应用具备参考价值。