机动车辆阻火罩的开发应用

系统阐述了新型机动车辆阻火罩的工作原理、结构及其功能，并对该阻火罩进行了综合测试，同时将其与原有阻火罩的各项性能进行了对比分析。     

因地制宜的开展退耕还林工程建设

本文深入分析了当前新疆自然生态环境存在的问题及严峻形势，阐述了在新疆实施退耕还林(草)工程的重要意义。改善新疆的生态环境，走良性循环的持续发展道路，应从过去的失误中总结经验教训，尊重科学，师法自然，因地制宜，科学合理地确定退耕还林(草)规模。以政策保证退耕还林(草)工程的顺利实施，从根本上改善干早区的生态环境。通过退耕还林(草)工程的实施，调整种养产业结构，使新疆逐步走出“粮化、沙化、贫困化”的怪圈，“退”出一条脱贫致富的发展之路和一片秀美山川。     

强化林业企业木材生产现场安全管理

通过生产实践，论述了林业企业强化木材生产现场安全管理的五条措施。从而减少从业人员的人机伤害事故，确保安全生产。     

铜川市林业产业发展调查与研究

基于对铜川市森林资源及林业产业发展现状的调查分析,总结出了铜川市林业产业发展中存在的问题。结合铜川市林业产业的自身特点,提出了促进铜川市林业产业快速发展的措施和建议。     

2010年林业安全生产工作

从行业监管与责任制落实、隐患排查与专项整治、安全法制与安全标准化、安全宣传教育与安全文化、应急救援与技术支持等五个方面全面地阐述了2010年林业安全生产工作,并提出了今后林业安全生产工作要点。     

EU vision of sustainable agriculture,land use,forestry and management of natural resources – level of the Slovak state administration convergence to the EU requirements

The EU vision of sustainable agriculture, land use, forestry and management of natural resources contributes to the balanced exploitation of the environment, taking into account rural development strategy. Whilst the EU directs activities through legislative tools, national systems of public administration are responsible for the implementation of the respective laws. Despite there not being acquis communautaire in public administration, non-formal cooperation has nevertheless emerged and systems of national public administration have to meet EU criteria and ensure the effective implementation of legislation. The paper presents an analysis of how Slovak state administration has converged with EU requirements in the field of sustainable agriculture, land use, forestry and natural resources. Administrative convergence is considered through the internal convergence represented by capacities without legal subjectivity, and through external convergence represented by legal and administrative subjectivity. Both approaches are observed at the central level within specialized public authorities. Local state administration is characterized by the creation of internal administrative capacities with the challenging delimitation of which competences are affected by the process of administrative convergence.     

REDD+ comes with money,not with development: an analysis of post-pilot project scenarios from the community forestry of Nepal Himalaya

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) attracts poor nations to keep their forest standing only to sequester carbon through monetary incentives. However, in countries like Nepal where forest is an integral part of social practices, communities need to keep using forests for making a living. Based on household survey, field interview, personal observation, and broad review of forestry legislations, this paper scrutinizes villagers’ experiences of changes in forest management after implementation of a REDD+ pilot project in nine Community Forestry Users Groups (CFUGs) of Nepal. Since REDD+ was not initiated by local communities but tacitly implemented by international NGOs, most villagers lacked knowledge about it and the associated benefits from the pilot project, thus fewer villagers were found to be motivated to participate in the pilot project. Consequently, it delinked villagers from their forest by implicitly tightening uses rules, which resulted in constraints to fetch forest products. In addition, REDD+ benefits were distributed to some poor households but not to all, which resulted to an antagonistic sentiment in the villages. Thus, a rigorous assessment of conditions and framework of REDD+ and an involvement of local community from the start without compromising in the uses of forest products is of the utmost importance before considering the REDD+ framework as an alternative or as similar to CFUG in Nepal. Alternatively, REDD+ can be a part or a development project under the CFUG’s framework, which could be socially as well as legally acceptable on the present situation.     

森林碳汇与经济增长的长期均衡及短期动态关系研究——基于中国1998—2010年省级面板数据

森林是重要的陆地生态系统,森林碳汇与经济增长的长期均衡及短期动态关系的研究,有利于探求森林生态系统平衡发展及经济可持续增长的有效路径。测度中国30 个省份1998—2010 年的森林碳汇,采取面板数据的单位根检验、协整检验、误差修正模型的因果关系检验、脉冲响应等计量技术,考察并预测森林碳汇与经济增长间的动态关系。实证结果表明:森林碳汇与经济增长之间存在协整关系,并存在短期修正效应,当经济可持续增长偏离长期均衡时,将以19%的力度调整至均衡状态,且Granger 因果关系检验及VAR面板模型结果验证了森林碳汇与经济增长的正的双向互动关系;脉冲响应函数显示,经济增长对森林碳汇发展的稳健性产生微弱的正向冲击,而森林碳汇发展在短期对经济增长的稳定性产生显著的正向生态冲击。据此,提出了加大财政对碳汇森林的政策扶持、树种与造林模式相结合、建立并完善碳汇计量与监测机制、完善投融资渠道、加强森林管理等促进我国森林生态系统持续发展的对策建议。     

Quantifying Eradication Success: the Removal of Feral Pigs from Santa Cruz Island, California

Abstract:  A major challenge facing pest-eradication efforts is determining when eradication has been achieved. When the pest can no longer be detected, managers have to decide whether the pest has actually been eliminated and hence to decide when to terminate the eradication program. For most eradication programs, this decision entails considerable risk and is the largest single issue facing managers of such programs. We addressed this issue for an eradication program of feral pigs ( Sus scrofa ) from Santa Cruz Island, California. Using a Bayesian approach, we estimated the degree of confidence in the success of the eradication program at the point when monitoring failed to detect any more pigs. Catch-effort modeling of the hunting effort required to dispatch pigs during the eradication program was used to determine the relationship between detection probability and searching effort for different hunting methods. We then used these relationships to estimate the amount of monitoring effort required to declare eradication successful with criteria that either set a threshold for the probability that pigs remained undetected (type I error) or minimized the net expected costs of the eradication program (cost of type I and II errors). For aerial and ground-based monitoring techniques, the amount of search effort required to declare eradication successful on the basis of either criterion was highly dependent on the prior belief in the success of the program unless monitoring intensities exceeded 30 km of searching effort per square kilometer of search area for aerial monitoring and, equivalently, 38 km for ground monitoring. Calculation of these criteria to gauge the success of eradication should form an essential component of any eradication program as it allows for a transparent assessment of the risks inherent in the decision to terminate the program.     

Evaluating the management strategies of a forestland estate--the S-O-S approach

Connecting Multiple Criteria Decision Support (MCDS) methods with SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis yields analytical priorities for the factors included in SWOT analysis and makes them commensurable. In addition, decision alternatives can be evaluated with respect to each SWOT factor. In this way, SWOT analysis provides the basic frame within which to perform analyses of decision situations. MCDS methods, in turn, assist in carrying out SWOT more analytically and in elaborating the results of the analyses so that alternative strategic decisions can be prioritized also with respect to the entire SWOT. The A'WOT analysis is an example of such hybrid methods. It makes combined use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT. In this study, a hybrid method of the Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis with Ordinal criteria (SMAA-O) and SWOT is developed as an elaboration of the basic ideas of A'WOT. The method is called S-O-S (SMAA-O in SWOT). SMAA-O enables the handling of ordinal preference information as well as mixed data consisting of both ordinal and cardinal information. Using SMAA-O is enough to just rank decision elements instead of giving them cardinal preference or priority ratios as required by the most commonly used MCDS methods. Using SMAA-O, in addition to analyzing what the recommended action is under certain priorities of the criteria, enables one to analyze what kind of preferences would support each action. The S-O-S approach is illustrated by a case study, where the shareholders of a forest holding owned by a private partnership prepared the SWOT analysis. Six alternative strategies for the management of their forest holding and of old cottage located on the holding were formed. After S-O-S analyses were carried out, one alternative was found to be the most recommendable. However, different importance orders of the SWOT groups would lead to different recommendations, since three of the six alternatives were efficient according to S-O-S analyses.