氨基化碳纳米管/石墨烯气凝胶对甲醛吸附研究

针对目前室内空气污染物甲醛超标的现象,将新型碳纳米材料(石墨烯、碳纳米管)引入到气体污染物去除领域.利用石墨烯水溶液在一定条件下形成凝胶的特性,采用海绵作为骨架,构造石墨烯/碳纳米管/海绵三维气凝胶结构,并进一步采用氨基修饰提高该氨基化碳纳米管/石墨烯气凝胶(GCNTs/EDA-S)对室内空气污染物甲醛的吸附性能,研究石墨烯与碳纳米管(CNTs)对气态甲醛吸附作用机理.样品吸附实验结果对比分析表明,石墨烯和碳纳米管氨基官能团修饰后对气态甲醛均有良好的吸附性能,其中GCNTs/EDA-S在甲醛浓度为3.7ppm时,吸附实验的穿透时间可达到4024min/g,最大吸附容量为13.5mg/g.     

甲醛经口染毒致小鼠脏器损伤和炎症反应的研究

为探讨在单独染毒和卵清蛋白(OVA)联合致敏的条件下,甲醛灌胃染毒对小鼠造成的毒性效应,将雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为7组:对照组(蒸馏水组);OVA致敏组;2mg/(kg·d) FA(甲醛)组;20mg/(kg·d) FA组;200mg/(kg·d) FA组;200mg/(kg·d)FA+ OVA组;200mg/(kg·d) FA+ OVA +MT(褪黑素)组,以蒸馏水和不同浓度甲醛溶液灌胃,连续21d. OVA致敏组,200mg/(kg·d) FA+ OVA组,200mg/(kg·d) FA+ OVA +MT组在第6,13,20d进行腹腔注射OVA致敏;此外,200mg/(kg·d) FA+ OVA +MT组,每天用1.0mg/mL褪黑素灌胃小鼠(小鼠灌胃剂量10mg/(kg·d)),连续21d.检测肝,肾和肺组织中活性氧自由基(ROS),丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,并采用ELISA法检测肝组织中IL-4和IFN-γ的水平.结果表明,与对照组相比,甲醛浓度为200mg/(kg·d),小鼠肝脏ROS含量增加(P<0.05),MDA含量增加以及小鼠肾脏GSH含量降低,均有显著性差异(P<0.05).OVA作为致敏剂,甲醛浓度为200mg/(kg·d)时,肝组织中IL-4(Interleukin-4)含量增加(P<0.01),10mg/(kg·d)褪黑素能够降低200mg/(kg·d)甲醛+OVA染毒小鼠肝脏内ROS含量(P<0.05).综上,200mg/(kg·d)甲醛灌胃染毒能使小鼠产生氧化损伤和炎症反应, ROS, MDA水平上升(P<0.05),GSH水平下降(P<0.05),肝脏中细胞因子IL-4水平上升(P<0.01), IFN-γ水平下降(P<0.05).     

改性PAN非织造布铁配合物可见光降解甲醛气体

使用盐酸羟胺对聚丙烯腈非织造布(nPAN)进行了化学改性,并将所得改性聚丙烯腈非织造布(AO-nPAN)与Fe(III)配位制得改性聚丙烯腈非织造布铁配合物(Fe-nPAN),分别使用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和UV-Vis吸收光谱对Fe-nPAN进行了表征,然后将其作为光催化剂应用于甲醛气体的氧化降解反应中.结果表明:提高Fe(III)初始浓度、反应温度和AO-nPAN的增重率都能够增加Fe-nPAN的Fe(III)配合量.Fe-nPAN中偕胺肟基团与Fe(III)发生了配位反应,使其在可见光区有明显的吸收带.增加Fe(III)配合量和可见光强度都能够促进甲醛的降解反应,而且与PAN纱线制备的铁配合物催化剂相比,Fe-nPAN明显具有更高的催化活性.     

生物膜填料塔净化甲醛废气实验研究

采用微生物菌种对生物膜填料塔进行挂膜作业,以低浓度甲醛废气为研究对象,对生物膜填料塔净化甲醛废气进行了研究,考察了入口气体甲醛浓度、气体流量、循环液喷淋量各因素对甲醛净化效率和生化去除量的影响.实验结果表明,随着入口气体中甲醛浓度的增加,净化效率呈下降的趋势,而生化去除量却随之增加.气体流量增加时,净化效率较稳定,基本维持在65%左右,同时生化去除量随之增加.当液体喷淋量由10 L/h增至20L/h时,净化效率由40%左右增至约80%,再继续增加液体喷淋量时,净化效率的增加却渐趋平缓;当液体喷淋量增至40 L/h时,净化效率则为90%左右.生化去除量随着液体喷淋量的增加随之增加,当增至20 L/h时,增加趋势增大.实验结果表明采用生物膜填料塔净化甲醛废气是可行的.     

苯和甲醛联合染毒对小鼠脾脏的损伤

为了探讨苯和甲醛联合染毒对小鼠脾脏的损伤以及二者是否具有一定的协同作用,选择BALB/c雄性小鼠30只,随机分为5组,每组6只,设苯组、甲醛组、苯和甲醛联合染毒组及玉米油对照组和空白对照组,对小鼠进行气态甲醛吸入染毒或/和苯玉米油溶液灌胃染毒。染毒结束后对小鼠脾脏进行组织病理学观察,并且测定脾脏的脏器系数以及脾脏组织的活性氧(ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果显示,苯和甲醛联合染毒组小鼠脾脏组织中ROS的含量与空白对照组相比有极显著的上升趋势(P<0.01),脾脏的脏器系数以及脾脏组织中MDA的含量与空白对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。此外,在脾脏免疫组织形态变化以及脾脏组织中MDA含量这2个生理生化指标上,苯和甲醛联合染毒对小鼠脾脏的损伤具有一定的协同作用。     

Genotoxic consequences of occupational exposure to ethylene oxide and formaldehyde ‐ a pilot study

The study evaluates chromosome damage caused by simultaneous occupational exposure to ethylene oxide (EtO) and formaldehyde (FA). To determine the extent of chromosome damage, eleven workers were analyzed using chromosome aberration (CA) assay, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies, micronucleus (MN) assay, and mitotic activity (MA). The results show significant deviations in subjects exposed to EtO and FA from control values in all four assays. The study shows a complex mode of action of EtO and FA on human genome and confirms the need for further research of cytogenetic risk which should be obtained through several assays.     

Effect of formaldehyde exposure on structure and function of epididymis in adult rats: a histological and biochemical study

Formaldehyde (FA), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is extensively used in hospitals, laboratories, and industrial settings. Previous studies showed that FA exerts adverse effects on testicular function and as epididymis is known to play an important role in the maturation and storage of sperm, the effects of FA were examined on epididymis. In particular, this study was designed to investigate the influence of FA on structure and function of epididymis in adult male rats using histological and biochemical methods. Sprague-Dawley adult rats were randomly allotted to three groups and exposed to FA at a 0 (control), 0.5, or 10 mg m^?3 by inhalation for 28 days. The results indicated that epididymal toxicity of FA was concentration dependent. Epdididymal structure and function in rats of 0.5 mg m^?3 FA exposure group showed no apparent difference from control. However, epididymal weight, sperm count and motility, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly decreased, whereas the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in epididymis of rats exposed to 10 mg m^?3 FA. Moreover, microscopy with hematoxylin and eosin (H&;E) staining showed atrophy of epididymal tubules, disintegration of epididymal epithelium, disorganization, and even vacuolar denaturalization of epididymal epithelial cells. There was hyperemia in interstitial vasculature and lumina were oligozoospermic in rats of 10 mg m^?3 FA exposure group. In conclusion, FA exposure alters the epididymal structure and function by inducing oxidative stress in epididymis of adult rats.     

甲醛分析仪测定空气中甲醛的方法研究

对甲醛分析仪测定空气中甲醛的方法进行了研究 ,确定了分析仪最佳读数条件。通过实验发现其精密度、准确度均十分理想 ,与乙酰丙酮分光光度法相比 ,测定结果无显著性差异 ,该方法具有快速、灵敏的特点 ,解决了现场多点、大批量监测的问题     

Effects of Combined Exposure to Formaldehyde and PM2.5 on the Brain of Balb/c Mice Asthma Model

Epidemiological studies have shown that there is a link between asthma and brain damage,but toxicological studies have not fully confirmed yet,especially the effects of asthma on the brain. In this study,at first,we explore the effects of asthma on the brain through the establishment of an allergic asthma model. Then PM_(2.5),a typical outdoor air pollutant and formaldehyde,a typical indoor air pollutant were selected to be closer to the true environment and find whether there is any synergism between them. In this study,an ovalbumin( OVA)-sensitized mice asthma model was established. 30 male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:( 1) saline control group,( 2) OVA-sensitized group,( 3) OVA-combined with formaldehyde exposure group,( 4) OVA-combined with PM_(2.5) exposure group,( 5) Combination of OVA,formaldehyde and PM_(2.5) exposure group. The mice were inhaled with formaldehyde or/and instilled with PM_(2.5) from day 1 to 18. The mice asthma model was developed by OVA sensitization and challenge. The mice were sensitized with OVA+Al( OH)3( 5 mg OVA and 175 mg Al( OH)3 in 30 m L saline each time) or saline( 30 m L saline each time) by intraperitoneal injection on day 1,7 and 14.This was then followed by an aerosol challenge in 1% OVA( 30 min·d~(-1)) from day 19 to 25( 7 times) using an ultrasonic nebulizer. On the 26 th day,the organ coefficient of mice brain was counted,then the contents of oxidative stress of mice brain were measured,including reactive oxygen species( ROS),glutathione( GSH) and malondialdehyde( MDA),and the concentrations of NF-κB and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) were detected by using ELISA kits.Detection of interleukin-6( IL-6) was made with immunohistochemical method. Histological assay for brain was also conducted. In our results,all the OVA treated groups showed a significant increase of ROS and a significant decrease of GSH contents when compared with the control group. Except OVA-sensitized group,other OVA treated groups also showed a significant increase of MDA contents when compared with the control group,and MDA contents of OVA-sensitized group showed significant change when compared to the combined exposure group. In ROS and GSH,combined exposure showed some joint effect compared with single exposure. When OVA was applied in combination with formaldehyde and PM_(2.5),NF-κB was activated. And all the OVA treated groups showed increased levels of IL-1β and IL-6 compared with the control group. And the combined exposure showed an aggravated effect when compared with OVA-sensitized group. Histopathological observation of the hippocampus in mice brain clearly showed the difference of eosin( EO) stained neurons in the combined exposure group compared with the control group and OVA-sensitized group. The pyramidal neurons of the mice with allergic asthma exposed to formaldehyde and/or PM_(2.5) had been reduced in number,the cells were swollen and the dendrites had disappeared. Allergic asthma can cause damage to the brain through oxidative stress. Exposure to formaldehyde and PM_(2.5) will increase the damage caused by allergic asthma to the brain,which may be mediated by oxidative stress and NF-κB activation.This promotes the release of the inflammatory factors,resulting in increased inflammation.     

茶叶在甲醛污染治理中的试验性研究

为了减少装修材料中甲醛的释放量,用茶叶水及其与其它化学物质配制而成的溶液对富含甲醛的三合板进行试验性研究。研究表明,茶叶水可将甲醛的释放量从400.4μg降低到315.4μg,甲醛释放相对减少约21.2%;茶叶与其它化学物质配制而成的溶液可将甲醛的释放量从390.1μg降低到94.6μg,甲醛释放相对减少约75.5%。