游离亚硝酸抑制硝化杆菌属(Nitrobacter)活性动力学研究

为探究游离亚硝酸（FNA）对亚硝酸盐氧化细菌中硝化杆菌属（Nitrobacter）活性抑制动力学影响,采用序批式活性污泥（SBR）反应器,在通过改变系统进水FNA浓度达到富集Nitrobacter基础上,以富含Nitrobacter污泥为对象（宏基因组物种注释和丰度分析显示上Nitrobacter占细菌总数40.3%）,基于批次试验,考察不同FNA浓度梯度下亚硝酸盐氧化过程比亚硝态氮氧化速率（SNiOR）变化规律,进而拟合FNA抑制Nitrobacter活性抑制动力学模型,并进行统计学分析.结果表明,当FNA≤0.1mg/L时,随着FNA浓度升高,SNiOR迅速升高.当FNA>0.1mg/L时,SNiOR随着FNA浓度升高而降低.尤其当FNA浓度高于0.7mg/L时,SNiOR始终维持在0gN/（gVSS·d）,表明Nitrobacter活性统被完全抑制.统计学分析结果显示相对于Haldane、Aiba、Edwards-1#、Edwards-2#、Luong抑制动力学模型,Han-Levenspiel模型最适合描述FNA对Nitrobacter活性的抑制影响.其统计学常数：残差平方和（RSS）为0.02、可决系数（R²）为0.90、拟合方程的方差检验统计量F值为78.1、可信度P值为3.29×10^-12,其动力学常数值分别为：最大比亚硝态氮氧化速率（r_max）为1.57gN/（gVSS·d）;半饱和常数（K_S）为0.01mg/L;临界抑制常数（S_m）为0.66mg/L.     

Free ‐ living animals as indicators of environmental pollution by chlorinated hydrocarbons

As some species of game and free‐living animals promptly respond to ecosystem damage by a reaction that is easy to interpret, they are important ecological indicators in assessing the total contamination of the environment. Consumers of the highest order like predators, predatory and fish‐eating birds are among the most important bioindicators of environmental contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons and PCB.

Data on chlorinated hydrocarbons and PCB levels were collected throughout 1988–1992 and obtained from 16 species of free‐living animals from 9 protected areas of Slovakia. Muscle tissue, liver, kidney and egg samples were examined for HCB, HCH isomers, DDT and its analogues, and PCB.

Levels of organic chlorinated contaminants reveal a decreasing tendency and thus cease to be a toxicologically important risk factor in game, with the exception of predatory birds, as significant values have been recorded in their eggs and reproductive organs.     

碳纳米管负载纳米四氧化三铁多相类芬顿降解亚甲基蓝

在课题组前期研究的基础上,以碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为载体制备了Fe3O4/MWCNTs复合物并作为催化剂,以染料亚甲基蓝(MB)为降解对象,研究了该催化剂催化H2O2对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解特性及其影响因素,并考察了催化剂的重复使用效果,探讨了催化反应的机理.结果表明,在pH值3~8的范围内,催化反应体系都能有效降解MB,最佳pH值为3.5.随着催化剂投量的增加,MB的降解率明显提高,500 mg·L-1催化剂投量条件下,MB的降解率最高.随着H2O2初始浓度的增加,MB的降解率增加,10 mmol·L-1时MB的降解率最高.溶液中共存的阴离子会降低MB的降解率.在最佳条件,即温度25℃、H2O2浓度10 mmol·L-1、催化剂浓度500 mg·L-1的条件下,0.20 mmol·L-1MB在30 min内的降解率达到99.1%.催化剂重复使用后仍然具有较好的催化活性,说明Fe3O4在MWCNTs表面负载比较牢固,催化剂具有反复使用的能力.催化反应机理是催化剂催化H2O2产生羟基自由基,高活性的羟基自由基氧化MB.     

Sorption of organic compounds to activated carbons. Evaluation of isotherm models

Sorption to ‘hard carbon’ (black carbon, coal, kerogen) in soils and sediments is of major importance for risk assessment of organic pollutants. We argue that activated carbon (AC) may be considered a model sorbent for hard carbon. Here, we evaluate six sorption models on a literature dataset for sorption of 12 compounds onto 12 ACs and one charcoal, at different temperatures (79 isotherms in total). A statistical analysis, accounting for differences in the number of fitting parameters, demonstrates that the dual Langmuir equation is in general superior and/or preferable to the single and triple Langmuir equation, the Freundlich equation, a Polanyi–Dubinin–Manes equation, and the Toth equation. Consequently, the analysis suggests the presence of two types of adsorption sites: a high-energy (HE) type of site and a low-energy (LE) type of site. Maximum adsorption capacities for the HE domain decreased with temperature while those for the LE domain increased. Average Gibbs free energies for adsorption from the hypothetical pure liquid state at 298 K were fairly constant at −15 ± 4 and −5 ± 4 kJ mol⁻¹ for the HE and LE domain, respectively.     

我国西南湖塘溪流的水化学组成与离子平衡的研究

本文研究了我国重酸雨地区四川，贵州省湖塘溪流的水化学组成及离子平衡关系，结果表明：城郊之间水化学组成存在差异；同时，进行离子平衡衡算时，须对溶解态钙，镁进行校正，否则，会出现阴离子短缺现象，仅由钙，镁及硫酸根和弱酸根组成的简单离子平衡也是大致符合的，但其应用有一定的局限性。