西南和北京地区大气颗粒物中元素特征的比较

用大容量采样器和安德逊采样器在西南地区4个城市(重庆、成都、贵阳、广元)和北方北京地区分别采集了大气环境中颗粒物的总量及粒度分级的样品.讨论了该两地区大气颗粒物中元素浓度的差别.比较结果表明,酸性元素(如S等)的相对浓度在西南地区比北京高得多,而碱性元素的相对浓度则较低,这可能是西南地区出现酸雨的重要因素之一.     

电化学法直接快速测定COD初步研究

对一种全新的方法—电化学法测定COD进行了初步研究。制备出析氧超电位很大的铂基α PbO2 和 β PbO2 双镀层电极 ,并用以电解产生羟基自由基直接氧化废水中有机物。在本研究确定的条件下 ,COD标液在 0～ 30 0mg L呈良好的线性关系 ,一次测定仅需 30s。     

固结时间对软粘土动剪切模量的影响

随着固结时间的增加,试样逐渐变硬的硬化效应使软粘土的动剪切模量增大;同时,随着固结时间的增加,试样高度和直径明显减小的尺寸效应,也使软粘土的动剪切模量受到显著的影响。通过软粘土自振柱试验,分析了固结时间对软粘土的最大动剪切模量、动剪切模量比和试样尺寸的影响;根据自振柱试验的基本原理,分析了试样尺寸的变化对软粘土动剪切模量的影响;结合试验得到的固结时间和试样尺寸的关系,分析了固结时间通过试样尺寸对软粘土动剪切模量的影响。     

铬、镉、铅胁迫对青菜叶片几种生理生化指标的影响

研究了溶液培养条件下铬、镉、铅胁迫对青菜叶片细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量和游离脯氨酸含量等的影响,结果表明：随着Ｃｒ＾６＋,Ｃｄ＾２＋,Ｐｂ＾２＋处理时间的延长和处理浓度的增加,青菜叶片细胞膜透性显著增大,叶绿素ａ／ｂ值逐渐降低,游离脯氨酸含量明显增加,其中游离脯氨酸含量增加的时间比细胞膜透性增大明显超前,而叶绿素ａ／ｂ植降低的时间在这３种重金属中未见明显的规律性。     

Control factors of partial nitritation for landfill leachate treatment

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) technology has potential technical superiority and economical efficiency for the nitrogen removal from landfill leachate, which contains high-strength ammonium nitrogen (NH4 -N) and refractory organics. To complete the ANAMMOX process, a preceding partial nitritation step to produce the appropriate ratio of nitrite/ammonium is a key stage. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions to acquire constant partial nitritation for landfill leachate treatment, and a bench scale fixed bed bio-film reactor was used in this study to investigate the effects of the running factors on the partial nitritation. The results showed that both the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and the ammonium volumetric loading rate (Nv) had effects on the partial nitritation. In the controlling conditions with a temperature of 30±1℃, Nv of 0.2-1.0 kg NH4 -N/(m3d), and DO concentration of 0.8-2.3 mg/L, the steady partial nitritation was achieved as follows: more than 94% partial nitritation efficiency (nitrite as the main product), 60%-74% NH4 -N removal efficiency, and NO2--N/NH4 -N ratio (concentration ratio) of 1.0-1.4 in the effluent. The impact of temperature was related to iVv at certain DO concentration, and the temperature range of 25-30癈 was suitable for treating high strength ammonium leachate. Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria could be acclimated to higher FA (free ammonium) in the range of 122-224 mg/L. According to the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis result of the bio-film in the reactor, there were 25 kinds of 16S rRNA gene fragments, which indicated that abundant microbial communities existed in the bio-film, although high concentrations of ammonium and FA may inhibit the growth of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and other microorganisms in the reactor.     

重庆市无公害蔬菜基地环境和产品质量评价标准初探

通过对重庆市环境污染情况的调查分析 ,结合现行的国家相关环境质量标准和食品卫生标准 ,提出了适合重庆市无公害蔬菜基地建设的环境质量和产品质量评价标准体系 ,为建立规范化、标准化绿色蔬菜基地打下了基础     

Ozonation of azo dye in a semi-batch reactor: a determination of the molecular and radical contributions

Azo dye ozonation was carried in a semi-batch reactor to evaluate both the molecular and radical contributions of ozone on the dye decay. From two mass balance equations, the simultaneous determination of mass transfer, self-decomposition and solubility parameters of ozone were determinated; thus establishing the steady state conditions in the experimental system. The results of kinetic studies showed that the decay of azo dye was a pseudo-first-order reaction with respect to dye concentration and the overall rate constant increased with an increase in the pH, however declined with an increase in the dye concentration. Furthermore, from the overall rate constants obtained at various pH values a mathematical analysis of dye decay was performed, which provides a practical new method to quantify the radical and molecular contributions in the ozonation of azo dyes.     

3种类型人工湿地处理富营养化水体中试比较研究

针对五里湖富营养化水体,在同等条件下开展了3种类型人工湿地处理效果的比较研究,试验采用现场中试规模,水力负荷为0.8 m³/(m²·d).结果表明,垂直流、潜流和表面流3种人工湿地对氨氮的平均去除率分别为33.2%、27.4%和14.1%;对总氮的平均去除率分别为52.3%、50.1%和19.2%;对总磷的平均去除率分别为58.8%、57.9%和26.3%;对锰酸盐指数的平均去除率分别为37.2%、38.3%和14.8%;对叶绿素a的平均去除率分别为86.9%、96.1%和55.3%.可见,垂直流人工湿地对氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除效果最好,潜流人工湿地对高锰酸盐指数和叶绿素a的去除效果最好,但垂直流和潜流人工湿地之间的差异较小,表面流人工湿地对各污染物的去除效果均远低于前两者.从出水水质稳定性来看,垂直流人工湿地出水水质最稳定,潜流次之,表面流最差.     

添加碳源对潜流+表面流组合湿地脱氮除磷的影响

采用向ANOXIC-OXIC（A/O）工艺出水中添加城市污水的方法,在中试规模上研究了外加碳源对潜流+表面流组合湿地脱氮除磷的影响.结果表明,直接处理A/O工艺出水时（工况Ⅰ）,湿地进水COD/TN仅为1.00,(NO^-₂+NO^-₃)/TN为0.48,COD、TN和TP的面积负荷去除率分别为1.82、1.59、0.14 g·(m²·d)^-1.A/O工艺出水中添加少量城市污水后（工况Ⅱ）,湿地进水COD/TN为3.55,(NO^-₂+NO^-₃)/TN为0.44,COD、TN和TP的面积负荷去除率分别为19.03、5.42、0.29 g·(m²·d)^-1.工况Ⅱ的TN和TP面积负荷去除率分别比工况Ⅰ提高了3.4倍和2.1倍.HRT、水温、(NO^-₂+NO^-₃)/TN和COD/TN对湿地脱氮除磷效能有显著影响,在HRT为0.5～1.0d, COD、TN和TP的面积负荷率分别为3.8～38.7、5.07～13.08、0.57～1.92 g·(m²·d)^-1时, TN面积负荷去除率随HRT增加而指数下降,随水温和(NO^-₂+NO^-₃)/TN的升高而线性增加,随COD/TN的增加呈幂函数增加.TP面积负荷去除率随COD/TN的增加呈幂函数增加.