推行无铅汽油对交通道路环境空气的影响分析

通过环境空气铅污染的调查对沈阳市推行无铅汽油，治理铅污染的效果进行分析评价。     

Four-marker serum screening for Down's syndrome

The value of measuring the separate sub-units of human chorionic gonadotrophin (free α-hCG and free β-hCG) instead of total hCG together with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and unconjugated oestriol (uE₃) was examined to determine the effect on the performance of serum screening for Down's syndrome between 15 and 22 weeks of pregnancy. The study was based on stored serum samples relating to 75 singleton pregnancies with fetal Down's syndrome and 367 unaffected singleton pregnancies, matched for maternal age, gestational age, and duration of storage of the serum sample, supplemented by data from 970 white women with unaffected pregnancies. Using the four serum markers AFP, uE₃, free β-hCG, and free α-hCG, in addition to maternal age, 65 per cent of Down's syndrome pregnancies were detected for a 5 per cent false-positive rate compared with 59 per cent with the conventional triple test (AFP, uE₃, total hCG with maternal age). If gestation was based on an ultrasound scan examination, the detection rate was 72 per cent using the four serum markers compared with 67 per cent with the triple test. As an alternative illustration, if the detection rate was kept at 60 per cent and gestation was estimated by an ultrasound scan examination the four-marker test reduced the false-positive rate by one-third from 3 per cent using the triple test to 2 per cent with the four-marker test. Screening performance was hardly affected by adjusting marker levels for maternal weight. The four-marker test is, both from a medical and from a financial perspective, the most effective method of prenatal screening for Down's syndrome suitable for routine use.     

试论畜牧业污染和畜产品公害与绿色环保畜牧业

分析了畜牧业发展给环境带来的影响、环境污染给畜牧业的生产带来的影响以及被污染的畜产品给人类带来的危害；提出了建立绿色环保畜牧业的基本思路。     

The effect of thermal instability of intact human chorionic gonadotropin (ihcg) on the application of its free β-subunit (free βhcg) as a serum marker in down syndrome screening

The kinetics of free βhCG concentrations were measured in 30 maternal whole blood samples from second-trimester pregnancies during 72 h incubation at 3, 20, and 30°C. Dissociation of intact hCG (ihCG) was undetectable at 3°C and produced a more than 20 per cent increase of free βhCG at 20°C and a more than 100 per cent increase at 30°C. hCG dissociation at 30°C was not reduced by a protease inhibitor (sodium iodoacetate) and also occurred in purified hCG dissolved in a protease-free incubation medium. These results were reproduced under conditions of sample transport by post at different environmental temperatures. In conclusion, reliable free βhCG assessment requires that the specimen be kept cool from vene puncture until assay or completely other transport strategies have to be considered. Evaluation of free βhCG as an effective marker in prenatal Down syndrome screening must be reconsidered from this aspect.     

测震数字化观测系统前台机维护的研究

随着地震台站数字化和计算机网络技术的使用,对地震台数字化系统的维护提出了更高的要求。而数字化观测系统前台机的正常与否是整个数字化的核心,前台机的安全和维护工作的成败直接影响数字资料的质量和产出。本文针对在实际工作中所遇到的各种问题,结合地震台的实际情况,归纳和总结了一些方法和见解,提出一些切合实际的解决方法,希望对兄弟台站测震数字化系统的维护有所帮助。     

Analysis of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin in the first trimester: Implications for down's syndrome screening

The aim of this study was to determine the maternal population, pregnancy, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and free β subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (FβhCG) parameters in a large series of women attending prenatal clinics before 15 weeks' gestation and to assess the practical problems of population screening for Down's syndrome in the first trimester using these markers. Serum samples were collected from 8600 women attending prenatal clinic booking visits. Maternal serum AFP and FβhCG medians were calculated for each day of gestation (49–104 days), using both dates and ultrasound estimates of gestation. The effects of maternal weight, twin pregnancies, and threatened abortion on AFP and FβhCG levels were analysed. The median age of the population was 27.1 years and the median weight 62.1 kg. Twenty-six per cent of samples were collected before 70 days and 50 per cent before 78 days' gestation. Eighty-nine per cent of all samples had gestational estimates by dates, 60 per cent by ultrasound and 52 per cent by both dates and ultrasound. The AFP median was 5 kU/1 at 49 days, 5.9 kU/1 at 70 days, and 17.9 kU/1 at 100 days. The peak median FβhCG level was 66.4 ng/ml at 64 days, falling to 20.6 ng/ml at 100 days' gestation. Both AFP and FβhCG levels showed log Gaussian distributions but the standard deviation for AFP was 20 per cent greater than that found in the second trimester. AFP and FβhCG levels showed an inverse relationship with maternal weight and were increased in twin pregnancies (1.68 and 1.97 multiples of the median, respectively). AFP and FβhCG can be readily measured in a large screening population in the first trimester. Down's syndrome screening protocols based on these markers could be refined by the use of gestations in individual days but AFP is likely to be a less effective marker and detection rates are likely to be lower than in the second trimester. To realize the potential of first-trimester screening, more women should be encouraged to attend the prenatal clinic in early pregnancy and ultrasound dating should be carried out for all pregnancies at this stage.     

The crystal growth of hydroxyapatite in presence of collagens

The crystal growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP) seeds in presence of the abnormal collagen secreted by the chondrocyte grown in media containing free radical sources or fulvic acid and the type II collagen (pig cartilage) damaged by · OH and fulvic acid(FA) from potable water in endemic region of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) was studied. The results showed that in the former case, the abnormal collagen rich in type I collagen promoted mineralization in contrast with the type n collagen. The oxidatively damaged type II collagen became less inhibitive or even promotive. In all cases, the reaction followed a second order kinetics. The powder X-diffraction analysis and SEM observation indicated that the damaged type II collagen lowers the crystalinity in the beginning and made the final crystal more agglomerated. All the results showed that the abnormal and the damaged cartilage matrix affected the bimineralization and was likely to have played an important role in the development of KBD.     

水处理中的高级氧化技术

随着水质污染的日益严重,以产生大量自由基为主体的高级氧化技术越来越受到人们的关注.本文综述了O3/H2O2,O3/uV,H2O2/uV和催化臭氧化几种高级氧化技术在水处理中的应用及其反应机理,并对其发展前景进行了分析.     

超声活化过硫酸盐降解甲基橙的影响因素研究

利用频率为40 kHz的超声（US）活化过硫酸盐（PS）氧化降解甲基橙.系统研究了超声（US）声强、过硫酸盐（PS）浓度对US/PS组合工艺降解甲基橙的影响.采用单独超声（US）或单独过硫酸盐（PS）时，甲基橙的降解率随US声强和PS浓度的增加而增大.在PS浓度为0.5~3 mmol·L^-1和US声强为0.22~0.54 W·cm^-2条件下，60 min时甲基橙的最大降解率分别为52.22%和16.7%.采用US/PS高级氧化工艺时，甲基橙的降解率也随PS浓度和US声强的增加而增大，60 min时甲基橙的最大降解率高达87.38%，比单独US和PS提高70.68%和35.16%.同种条件下，TOC的降解率小于甲基橙的降解率.甲醇和叔丁醇（自由基抑制剂）的加入降低甲基橙的降解率，且甲醇对甲基橙降解的抑制程度更明显.US/PS高级氧化工艺对甲基橙的降解主要依靠硫酸根自由基.     

微粒羽流中粉尘的实验研究

通过实验观察和实验结果分析,研究了自由下落羽流产生的粉尘与物料本身的物理参数和工作参数的变化关系,并对实际生产操作过程中如何减少粉尘的产生提供了参考建议。