气溶胶自由基毒理学机制的研究

应用两级核孔滤膜的空气采样器采集了上海市区及郊区农村两点的粗颗粒（＞2．5μm)及细颗粒（MP2．5）气溶胶。用质子激发X荧光（PIXE）分析了其元素含量及其水溶后样品的元素含量。用ESR观察了颗粒物中的自由基；应用丙二醛（MDA）和四唑盐（MTT）方法比较了辐照前后粗颗粒的细胞毒性。结果显示市区气溶胶粒子中的Fe,Cr和Mn化合物比郊区粒子中的易溶于水，郊区细粒子中的Fe化合物比粗粒子中的易溶于水。ESR谱显示颗粒物中含有自由基，毒理实验显示了辐照后的气溶胶颗粒与未辐照的相比具有更高的细胞毒性。结果提示了气溶胶主要的致细胞毒性之一是通过自由基机制。     

多级跌坎跌水复氧过程及影响因素试验研究

跌坎作为连接水流上下游的主要措施,水流在跌落过程中其溶解氧迅速增加。以水体氧亏率为指标,研究多级跌坎水流流态为自由跌落水流时的水体复氧过程和机理,结果表明:可将水流自跌坎跌落至下一级跌坎上的整个区域分成水舌空中跌落区(I)、回水区(II)、冲击与水跃区(III)和水流平顺区(Ⅳ),水舌空中跌落区和冲击与水跃区为复氧的主要区域,水体在空中与大气充分接触以及水流流动过程中的自掺气是水体复氧的主要途径;水流流经跌坎时的氧亏率随着单级跌坎高度、多级跌坎级数、跌坎总坡度和流量的增加而增加,与水流紊动程度呈正相关,随着跌坎雷诺数的增大而增加。     

水体中苯与亚硝酸的紫外光解交叉反应机理研究

利用激光闪光光解技术对不同条件下苯与亚硝酸水溶液的交叉反应机理进行研究,考察了瞬态物种的生长与衰减等行为;得到了C6H6-OH加合物,C6H6-NO^ π络合物等中间产物,并结合其光解产物的GC／MS分析,对其可能的反应机理进行了探讨,得出了一些微观反应速率常数．     

Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal blood group phenotypes: current practice and future prospects

Fetuses of women with alloantibodies to RhD (D) are at risk from hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, but only if the fetal red cells are D-positive. In such pregnancies, it is beneficial to determine fetal D type, as this will affect the management of the pregnancy. It is possible to predict, with a high level of accuracy, fetal blood group phenotypes from genotyping tests on fetal DNA. The best source is the small quantity of fetal DNA in the blood of pregnant women, as this avoids the requirement for invasive procedures of amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Many laboratories worldwide now provide noninvasive fetal D genotyping as a routine service for alloimmunized women, and some also test for c, E, C and K. In many countries, anti-D immunoglobulin injections are offered to D-negative pregnant women, to reduce the chances of prenatal immunization, even though up to 40% of these women will have a D-negative fetus. High-throughput, noninvasive fetal D genotyping technologies are being developed so that unnecessary treatment of pregnant women can be avoided. Trials suggest that fetal D typing of all D-negative pregnant women is feasible and should become common practice in the near future. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.