磁性Fe3O4-CuO非均相活化过碳酸钠降解AO7

采用一步水热法合成了可磁性回收的Fe₃O₄-CuO材料并通过SEM-EDS和XRD进行表征.利用Fe₃O₄-CuO活化过碳酸盐（SPC）降解偶氮染料AO7,探究了Fe₃O₄-CuO投加量、SPC初始浓度、初始pH值和背景氯离子对Fe₃O₄-CuO/SPC体系降解AO7的影响,分析了体系的主要反应机理.实验结果表明,Fe₃O₄-CuO可以活化SPC降解AO7,反应随Fe₃O₄-CuO和SPC投加量的增加而加快,但过高的SPC投加量反而抑制AO7的降解.由于SPC的缓冲能力,该体系拥有广泛的pH适应能力且反应随着初始pH的升高而加快.染料废水中常见的Cl^-对AO7的降解有促进作用,Cl^-浓度越高降解速度越快.AO7的降解主要发生在材料表面,反应的主要活性物种为·OH,Fe₃O₄-CuO重复使用4次后依旧保持较高的催化活性体现了其良好的稳定性.该体系对AO7具有优异的脱色能力和较好的矿化效果.     

Thermodynamics of NaHCO3 decomposition during Na2CO3-based CO2 capture

Amine-basedcarbon-capture technologies have been shown to be energetically expensive and to cause significant environmental and epidemiological impacts due to their volatility.Bicarbonate formation from carbon dioxide's reaction with water has been suggested as an effective alternative for capturing CO_2;however,the thermodynamics of this reaction are not well understood.This study experimentally determined the equilibrium constant of sodium bicarbonate(Na HCO_3)decomposition to sodium,water,and carbon dioxide;the study also compared the equilibrium constant to theoretical calculations.Using a combination of experimentation and thermodynamic relationships,the unitless equilibrium constants of the forward and reverse reactions were calculated accurately(error±9%and±4%,respectively).Equilibrium data were calculated using enthalpy and entropy values of each component of Na HCO_3decomposition at temperatures ranging from 25 to 155°C respectively.These results offer more data essential to optimizing Na HCO_3use in environmentally friendly nextgeneration CO_2-capture technologies.     

双向掘进隧道游离SiO2粉尘扩散规律模拟与分析

为研究双掘进面施工隧道内游离SiO_2粉尘浓度演化特征与扩散规律,获取通风系统的合理设计参数,以斗篷山隧道为研究背景,利用Ansys-CFD有限元计算流体力学软件离散项模型对双向掘进隧道安装除尘设备前、后粉尘扩散轨迹及不同时间周期内粉尘浓度分布特点进行数值模拟,并对模拟结果与现场实测数据进行对比分析.结果表明:(1)衬砌台车对粉尘的扩散具有明显的阻碍效应,台车两侧游离SiO_2粉尘浓度值出现了明显的分界.(2)单纯压入式通风条件下,部分高浓度游离SiO_2粉尘在非爆破端循环停留时间较长,通风一段时间后少量高浓度的游离SiO_2粉尘穿过台车在非爆破端循环停留形成簇团效应,未进入斜井进行排放.(3)压入式通风设备和除尘系统联合作业后,非爆破端游离SiO_2粉尘浓度趋于0,联合作业900 s后,隧道正洞与斜井内游离SiO_2粉尘浓度基本降至8 mgm~3以下,达到规范要求.研究显示,采用离散项模型对双工作面施工隧道内游离SiO_2粉尘浓度演化特征与扩散规律的模拟是可行的.压入式通风设备与除尘系统联合作业条件下游离SiO_2粉尘快速进入斜井进行排放,隧道施工作业区内游离SiO_2粉尘浓度在短时间内大幅下降,通风过程中粉尘运行轨迹几乎不涉及隧道非爆破端,减少了对非爆破端的污染.     

微生物燃料电池电活化过硫酸盐降解甲基橙偶氮染料

为研究MFC（微生物燃料电池）产生电能活化PDS（过硫酸盐）对偶氮染料的降解能力,以MO（甲基橙）为目标污染物,探讨pH、c（PDS）、初始c（MO）、无机阴离子等对MO降解的影响及降解机理.结果表明:①当pH为3~5时,MO降解率随pH降低而升高;当pH低于3时,MO降解率随pH的降低而降低;MO降解率随初始c（MO）的增大而降低.当c（PDS）为1~2 mmol/L时,MO降解率随c（PDS）增加而增大;当c（PDS）超过2 mmol/L后呈减小趋势.②最佳反应条件[pH为3、初始c（MO）为0.10 mmol/L、c（PDS）为2 mmol/L]下,反应4 h后MO降解率可达86.5%.③无机阴离子HCO₃-、NO₃-、CO₃2-对MO降解存在抑制作用,当阴离子投加量为10 mmol/L时,降解率分别为64.2%、68.8%、76.1%,而Cl-对MO降解无显著影响.④淬灭试验表明,体系的主要活性物质为SO₄-·及少量·OH.⑤通过紫外-可见光谱扫描,依据MO结构与特征吸收峰的关系,推测MO降解途径,即MO发色基团偶氮双键断裂,生成含苯环类中间产物,最终矿化为CO₂和H₂O.研究显示,MFC能有效活化PDS产生SO₄-·,对偶氮染料有较好的降解和矿化效果.      

硼酸和磷酸对PMS/Co2+均相催化氧化有机物的影响因素与机制

基于过一硫酸盐（PMS）的高级氧化方法被广泛用于有机污染物的降解.本研究以富电子偶氮染料酸性橙7（AO7）为目标有机物,探究了在硼酸（路易斯酸）和磷酸（布朗斯台德酸）两种不同类型的缓冲液中,PMS/Co²⁺均相催化氧化降解有机物的差异、影响因素及作用机制.PMS/Co²⁺均相催化氧化体系在磷酸盐缓冲液中降解有机物的k值高于其在硼酸盐缓冲液中,而在磷酸盐缓冲液中的前10 s降解率却低于其在硼酸盐缓冲液中.该体系氧化降解有机物在硼酸和磷酸缓冲液中的差异随着缓冲液、PMS浓度、Co²⁺浓度和pH的变化而有所不同.PMS/Co²⁺体系在磷酸盐缓冲液中主要通过SO₄^-·或·OH氧化降解有机物,在硼酸盐缓冲液中,PMS/Co²⁺体系主要通过非自由基途径（¹O₂）降解有机物.该研究将为PMS均相催化中不同类型缓冲液的应用提供参考.     

不同浓度铵态氮对苦草的生理影响

研究了苦草在不同浓度(0.02,0.05,0.10,0.30,0.60,1.00,3.00mg/L)铵态氮中暴露14d后,其生物量的变化、叶片游离氨基酸态氮、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量以及O2-×信号强度、抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的响应.结果表明,各浓度组苦草的生物量无显著变化,但是各生理指标变化显著.当铵态氮浓度为0.30mg/L时,苦草叶片中游离氨基酸态氮的含量即开始显著升高.当铵态氮浓度达到0.60mg/L时,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高,表明苦草诱导产生氧化应激但未受到氧化损伤.当铵态氮浓度高于1.00mg/L时,SOD和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著升高,O2-×信号强度显著增强,叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量显著降低.当铵态氮浓度为0.02mg/L时,O2-×信号强度显著增强.综上,铵态氮浓度低于0.60mg/L苦草生长良好,浓度31.00mg/L苦草光合能力受到抑制、代谢受到干扰.苦草对铵态氮最敏感的生理生化指标是叶片中游离氨基酸态氮含量.铵态氮作为沉水植物的一种营养物质,当其含量较低时,植物由于营养缺乏诱导产生自由基.     

Effect of dietary factors and environmental chemicals on intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes

The liver is the major site of metabolism of foreign chemicals, but contribution from intestinal biotransformation can influence the overall disposition of chemicals. The intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes are located in the endoplasmic reticulum and they possess biochemical properties similar to those of the hepatic system. In general, the rate of in vitro metabolism of drug substrates in intestines is lower than in the liver. There seem to be differences in regulation and induction of hepatic and intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes. The in vitro intestinal metabolism of foreign chemicals is affected by several factors including the nutritional status of the animal. Dietary components such as vitamins, lipids and vegetables can modify the activities of intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes. Phenobarbital or 3‐methyl‐cholanthrene (3‐MC) pre‐treatment induces the hepatic metabolism of a wide variety of drug substrates in a number of species, while the stimulation of intestinal enzymes is both substrate and species specific. Rabbit intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes seem to be resistant to induction by foreign chemicals.     

Organophosphorous compounds and oxidative stress: a review

Organophosphorous compounds (OP) have largely been used as pesticides globally. These chemicals induce oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of action, which has been a focus of toxicological research for the last decade. This review evaluated the presence of oxidative stress, balance between total antioxidant capacity, and oxygen free radicals associated with OP compound exposure. Oxidative stress induced by OP leads to disturbances in function of different organs and tissues. Evidence indicates that stimulation of free radical production, induction of lipid peroxidation, and disturbance of the total antioxidant capacity are mechanisms of toxicity induced by most OP. Thus, use of antioxidants may be beneficial in treatment of OP poisoning, which remains to be elucidated with further clinical trials.     

The Dechlorination of H6CDD,OCDD and OCDF on an Alumina support: Elucidation of the isomer pattern by multi linear regression and thermodynamic data

The dechlorination of OCDD, OCDF and 1,2,3,4,7,8‐H₆CDD is studies on an alumina support impregnated with activated carbon, copper chloride and potassium chloride. There is a high correlation between the isomer pattern found after dechlorination and molecular structure properties. We also found a substantial correlation between the isomer pattern and the Gibbs free energy of formation of the individual isomers. This suggests a thermodynamically controlled process.     

基于布朗运动的自由飞行下碰撞风险研究

自由飞行是解决空域拥挤的有效方式,为保证飞行安全,对自由飞行下的碰撞风险进行研究。首先,假设自由飞行下飞机的定位误差服从正态分布,在平面直角坐标系内,建立2架飞机水平投影面和垂直投影面的随机运动学模型;其次,当2架飞机在2个投影面上的相对运动距离同时小于最小安全间隔时认为碰撞发生,据此建立飞行碰撞风险模型,并利用欧拉(Euler)方法求解;最后,通过Matlab对一算例进行计算,得出碰撞风险概率。将计算结果与实际安全目标等级对比,验证该模型的合理性。