Al（Ⅲ）溶液的水解─沉淀特性研究─—磷酸根的作用

采用连续碱滴定方法和Ｘ射线衍射及红外光谱分析，研究了在Ａｌ（Ⅲ）－磷酸根溶液体系中，Ａｌ（Ⅲ）的水解－沉淀特性，结果表明，当Ｐ／Ａ１＞０．０５时，磷酸根对Ａｌ（Ⅲ）的水解－成核－沉淀过程有显著的促进作用，描述了磷酸根作用的动力学机理．     

重金属由水相到沉积物相的标准迁移自由能

采用电位法测定了淀山湖水体中,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd等重金属的氯化物由水相到沉积物相的标准迁移自由能(△Gt0)。结果表明,重金属离子的△Gt0随沉积物-水悬浮液中的沉积物含量增加而减小;△Gt0的大小次序为:Cd2+>Pb2+>Cu2+>Zn2+,即Zn2+最易迁入沉积物中,而Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+依次减弱,这同重金属离子在沉积物/水两相间的分配系数大小相一致。     

Maternal serum free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin levels in twin pregnancies: Implications for screening for down's syndrome

Free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin values are, on average, 1·90 times greater in twin pregnancies than in singleton pregnancies [95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 1·69–2·13]. This information can be used in screening for Down's syndrome, so that twin pregnancies can be interpreted in addition to singleton pregnancies.     

The oxidation damage of type II collagen by oxy free radicals and fulvic acid

The features of oxidative damage to type II collagen from pig cartilage, induced by · OH, O2- and fulvic acid from epidemic district of KBD, were studied in vitro. The results from amino acid analysis of the damaged collagen are characterized by a decrease in hydroxyproline and proline contents, and an increase in glutamic acid content. The change arc dependent on·OH and FA concentration. It is postulated that the FA or other toxic xenobiotics induce the generation of free radicals, which play the role of the trigger in KBD development.     

Formation of organic chloride in the treatment of textile dyeing sludge by Fenton system

In the oxidation treatment of textile dyeing sludge, the quantitative and transformation laws of organic chlorine are not clear enough. Thus, this study mainly evaluated the treatment of textile dyeing sludge by Fenton and Fenton-like system from the aspects of the influence of Cl⁻, the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic carbon, and the removal and formation mechanism of organic chlorine. The results showed that the organic halogen in sludge was mainly hydrophobic organic chlorine, and the content of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOCl) was 0.30 mg/g (dry sludge). In the Fenton system with pH=3, 500 mg/L Cl⁻, 30 mmol/L Fe²⁺ and 30 mmol/L H₂O₂, the removal of phenanthrene was promoted by chlorine radicals (•Cl), and the AOCl in sludge solid phase increased to 0.55 mg/g (dry sludge) at 30 min. According to spectral analysis, it was found that •Cl could chlorinate aromatic and aliphatic compounds (excluding PAHs) in solid phase at the same time, and eventually led to the accumulation of aromatic chlorides in solid phase. Strengthening the oxidation ability of Fenton system increased the formation of organic chlorines in liquid and solid phases. In weak acidity, the oxidation and desorption of superoxide anion promoted the removal and migration of PAHs and organic carbon in solid phase, and reduced the formation of total organic chlorine. The Fenton-like system dominated by non-hydroxyl radical could realize the mineralization of PAHs, organic carbon and organic chlorines instead of migration. This paper builds a basis for the selection of sludge conditioning methods.     

蒙脱石伊利石化过程中伊-蒙混层形成的Gibbs自由能

采用Vieillard(2000)提出的计算含水粘土矿物形成的Gibbs自由能的方法,对热液蚀变作用下蒙脱石向伊利石转变过程中伊利石 蒙脱石混层形成的Gibbs自由能进行了计算。根据伊利石 蒙脱石混层的化学成分,详细计算了一个端元伊利石样品形成的Gibbs自由能,其值为 5401.36kJ/mol。该值与已给出的天然伊利石和理想伊利石形成的Gibbs自由能非常相近,表明Vieillard(2000)的方法对计算伊利石 蒙脱石混层形成的Gibbs自由能是可行的。伊利石 蒙脱石形成的Gibbs自由能可进一步用于计算因地下水过量开采而产生的地面沉降的量。     

不同离子在CCl_4引发自由基反应中的作用及其环境生物学意义

报道了一种简便的CCl_4 体外引发自由基反应的模型 ,以小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)的OD_(53 2nm) 值(MDA OD_(53 2nm)作为测定自由基反应的间接指标 ,研究了Hg~(2 ) 、Mn~(2 ) 、Ni~(2 ) 、Cd~(2 ) 、Cr3 、SeO3 2 -等离子和As2 O3 水溶液在CCl4 引发自由基反应体系中的作用 .结果表明 :Mn2 能显著抑制自由基的生成 ,Cr3 有一定的抑制作用 ,而Hg2 对自由基产生有明显促进作用 ,其它离子的作用不明显 .就CCl4 与无机离子相互作用的环境生物学意义进行了探讨 .     

白洋淀底泥腐殖质的表征及光化学反应

白洋淀底泥腐殖质的表征及光化学反应郁志勇王文华彭安（中国科学院生态环境研究中心，环境水化学国家重点实验室，北京１０００８５）关键词腐殖质；单线态氧（１Ｏ２）；自由基（ＲＯＯ·、ＨＯ·）；光化学反应腐殖质是动植物经过长期的物理、化学、生物作用而形成的...     

阳极溶出法测定游离态金属过程中金属配合物解离动力学的计算机模拟

用计算机模拟了阳极溶出伏安法预电解过程中滞膜层中游离金属离子，游离配位体和配合物的转化及迁移过程。模拟结果证实，发生在滞膜层中的络和物解离过程是造成金属富集通量偏高的根本原因。测定偏差的大小与配合物解离常数，配位体浓度，物质迁移速率常数以及预电解时间等参数有关。     

堆肥调理剂研究进展

调理剂是堆肥过程中的重要辅料。通过添加调理剂，可以改善堆肥物料的理化条件，达到好氧微生物对生长环境的要求。文章综述了堆肥调理剂的分类，讨论了它在堆肥工程中的作用，并对研究方向进行了探讨。大量研究表明，调理剂在堆肥过程中起到调节物料w（C）／w（N）比、含水率、堆体自由空域、减少堆体臭气、改善堆肥养分和调控重金属等作用。目前，调理剂的研究重点在于其在堆肥过程的作用，而对复合型调理剂的开发、调理剂的作用机理及其在工程中的应用等问题关注较少。