Seasonal variation characteristics of hydroxyl radical pollution and its potential formation mechanism during the daytime in Lanzhou

Hydroxyl free radicals (OH radicals) play the main role in atmospheric chemistry and their involving reactions are the dominant rate determining step in the formation of secondary fine particulate matter and in the removal of air pollutants from the atmosphere. In this paper, we studied the seasonal variation characteristics of OH radicals during the daytime in Lanzhou and explored the potential formation mechanism of high concentration OH radicals. We found that the OH radicals in four seasons was 2.7 × 10⁶, 2.6 × 10⁶, 3.1 × 10⁶, and 2.2 × 10⁶ cm^?3, respectively. Since the rainfall was concentrated in summer, the wet deposition had a significant effect on removing OH radicals. Among the four pollutants (including ozone (O₃), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5)), the variation of OH radicals were closely related to ozone concentration especially in spring and summer. In autumn, the correlation between PM_2.5 and OH radicals were the closest among the observing pollutants and its formation mechanism was different conventional regeneration pathway. In Event 1, high concentration of ozone was the main source of OH radicals; under the high humidity condition, except for ozone, the multiple factors including VOCs, NO₂ and PM_2.5 interplayed and leaded to the Event 2.     

石棉表面改性对石棉所致人胚肺细胞内游离钙离子浓度改变的抑制作用

为了探讨研究温石棉及用柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠预处理的温石棉对人胚肺（HEL）细胞内游离钙离子（[Ca^2＋]i）浓度的影响。用Flou3／AM标记体外培养的HEL细胞内Ca^2＋后，将不同浓度的温石棉及用柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡过的温石棉与HEL细胞作用1h，荧光分光光度计测定细胞内[Ca^2＋]i。结果显示，20、40、80μg／ml温石棉单独作用于HEL细胞1h，可使HEL细胞内[Ca^2＋]i浓度分别升高3．0％、53．1％和116．7％，且具有明显的剂量-效应关系（r=0．976，P=0．024）。经三种化合物预处理的温石棉组HEL细胞内[Ca^2＋]i浓度均明显低于未处理温石棉组。得出结论，温石棉可致人胚肺细胞内游离钙离子浓度升高，但用三种化合物预处理温石棉，均可抑制温石棉所致人胚肺细胞内游离钙离子浓度的升高。     

木材胶粘剂生产中的污染及防治

阐述了木材胶粘剂－脲醛树脂胶粘剂（ＵＦ）,密胺甲醛树脂胶粘剂（ＭＦ）,酚醛树脂胶粘剂（ＰＦ）生产过程中产生的废气,釜垢及碱洗废液的污染,提出了从工艺上改善排放条件及治理的方法,同时提出了控制产品中游离甲醛的方法。     

污泥接种量对好氧污泥颗粒化的影响研究

考察了污泥接种体积分别为25％、50％和75％的反应器有效容积情况下的污泥颗粒化特征。结果发现，25％体积的污泥接种量利于颗粒污泥的形成和成长，其颗粒化程度高、平均粒径大且粒径分布范围广，而50％和75％体积的污泥接种量只能形成少量细小的颗粒污泥。分析认为，悬浮分散污泥是颗粒化的一个较大障碍，较少的接种量能够提供较大的自由沉淀空间，使污泥能够实现重力分层，进而排除与颗粒污泥竞争底物的悬浮不沉降污泥，从而利于颗粒化。污泥颗粒化的直接影响因素不是沉淀时间而是自由沉淀空间。沉淀时间的缩短使自由沉淀空间增加，从而影响了污泥颗粒化进程。     

中-韩自贸区建立对辽宁环保产业的影响及对策研究

建立中-韩自由贸易试验区是党中央、国务院做出的重大决策,是深入贯彻党的十八大精神,在新形势下全面深化改革、扩大开放战略的重大举措。辽宁省环保产业发展起步较早,尽管近年来在全国的位次有所下滑,但在产品门类、技术、人才、关联产业以及园区化、集群化的发展模式上仍具有一定优势。面对中-韩自由贸易试验区对环境服务业战略转型的机遇和挑战,辽宁省应明确提出环保产业发展战略和目标定位,要强化政府的主导作用,加强不同环境服务分类影响研究,实施国内环境服务企业的"走出去"战略,加快环境服务业发展和战略转型的法规和政策体系建设,制定针对国内环境服务企业的扶持战略,解决战略转型的保障问题。本文以自贸区贸易效应为理论依据,根据辽宁省环保产业发展现状,探索在新时期如何利用辽宁省的区位优势不断创造市场空间,加快政府职能转变,积极推进环保产业贸易和投资便利化,强化资本、技术、人才等要素构建,加强园区建设,培育领军企业。     

石墨粉末润湿特性及其表面自由能的研究

利用毛细上升法测定了去离子水对石墨粉末的接触角,分析温度对石墨粉末润湿性的影响,并测算了石墨粉末的表面自由能,对将石墨用作净水滤料有指导作用.在20～40℃温度范围内接触角变化不大,平均为84.11°.其主要原因是表面张力σ和黏度η随温度变化对接触角的影响相反,综合作用结果导致接触角随温度变化不大.石墨粉末表面色散自由能为21.8 mJ·m-2,极性自由能为1.8 mJ·m-2,总的表面自由能约为23.6 mJ·m-2,以色散自由能为主.这是去离子水能够湿润石墨粉末,但湿润性相对较差的一个原因.可知极性流体对石墨粉末的润湿性比较差.     

Involvements of chloride ion in decolorization of Acid Orange 7 by activated peroxydisulfate or peroxymonosulfate oxidation

The effects of Cl^- on the decolorization of AO7 by SO₄^·- based-peroxydisulfate or peroxymonosulfate oxidation under various activated conditions were different.     

外源铅化合物在土壤中的转化

通过培养试验,研究外源铅化合物在黑土、棕壤和草甸土中的转化.结果表明,Pb(NO₃)₂、PbO、Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂和PbSO₄处理的土壤溶解态Pb含量在试验开始时较高,随后迅速降低,逐渐达到平衡状态.PbS处理下,溶解性变化异常可能与PbS氧化有关.不同铅化合物在黑土、棕壤和草甸土中的溶解性大小一致,Pb(NO₃)₂PbO,Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂PbSO₄PbS,PbO和Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)2处理下土壤溶解态Pb含量没有显著性差异(P>0.01).与土壤混合90d后,大部分PbSO₄和PbS仍未溶解.pH值和PbS氧化是控制PbS溶解的主导因素.Pb(NO₃)₂、PbO和Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂溶解性表现为棕壤>黑土>草甸土(P<0.01).Pb(NO₃)₂处理下Pb²⁺所占比例显著高于其他Pb处理(P<0.01).与土壤混合90d后,Pb(NO₃)₂和PbO处理下Pb²⁺所占比例可高达75.23%,这可能与土壤溶液pH值和DOC含量降低有关.     

Ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate by bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC catalyst for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 in water

Bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC （granular activated carbon） was prepared and used as heterogeneous catalyst in the ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate （PS, S2O8 2-） process. The effect of initial pH, PS concentration, catalyst addition and stirring rate on the decolorization of Acid Orange 7 （AO7） was investigated. The results showed that the decolorization efficiency increased with an increase in PS concentration from 0.3 to 0.5 g/L and an increase in catalyst amount from 0.5 to 0.8 g/L. But further increase in PS concentration and catalyst addition would result in an unpronounced increase in decolorization efficiency. In the range of 300 to 900 r/min, stirring rate had little effect on AO7 decolorization. The catalyst stability was evaluated by measuring decolorization efficiency for four successive cycles.     

UASB1-A/O-UASB2深度处理垃圾渗滤液

针对传统垃圾渗滤液生物处理TN去除率低、投加碳源成本高的问题,采用UASB1-A/O-UASB2(单级上流式厌氧污泥床+缺氧/好氧+后置上流式厌氧污泥床)工艺处理实际垃圾渗滤液,实现NH₄+-N和TN的同步深度脱除,并且定量解析了A/O反应器实现并维持稳定短程硝化的影响因素. 结果表明:以V(垃圾渗滤液)∶V(生活污水)为1∶5的混合液作为进水,其ρ(COD_Cr)、ρ(TN)和ρ(NH₄+-N)分别为1 700~1 800、660~700和650~680 mg/L,最终出水COD_Cr、TN和NH₄+-N去除率均在95%以上,出水ρ(TN)为38 mg/L,满足GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》的排放要求. 在好氧反应器中,FA(游离氨)与FNA(游离亚硝酸)对NOB(硝化细菌)的联合抑制作用是实现NO₂--N积累率稳定在80%以上的主要原因,而产生的NO₂--N和NO₃--N可在UASB2中以难降解的有机物为碳源,通过反硝化途径被去除. 研究显示,组合系统可实现对TN的深度去除.