高速黄土滑坡液化-汽化效应定量研究

以典型高速黄土滑坡——洒勒山滑坡的分析为基础,提出液化-汽化效应作为黄土滑坡高速启动机制的一种解释,并运用数学物理方程定量分析液化-汽化效应,推导出滑动面在滑动过程中的热效应、温度分布函数及孔隙水汽化压强计算公式,对洒勒山滑坡的液化-汽化效应进行计算,结果表明:滑体在滑动过程中,法向总应力主要由超孔隙水压强和孔隙水汽化压强承担,形成极低摩阻力,滑体变形能大量转化为动能,因而形成高速滑坡。     

Combining Coordination of Motion Actuators with Driver Steering Interaction

Objective: A new method is suggested for coordination of vehicle motion actuators; where driver feedback and capabilities become natural elements in the prioritization.

Methods: The method is using a weighted least squares control allocation formulation, where driver characteristics can be added as virtual force constraints. The approach is in particular suitable for heavy commercial vehicles that in general are over actuated. The method is applied, in a specific use case, by running a simulation of a truck applying automatic braking on a split friction surface. Here the required driver steering angle, to maintain the intended direction, is limited by a constant threshold. This constant is automatically accounted for when balancing actuator usage in the method.

Results: Simulation results show that the actual required driver steering angle can be expected to match the set constant well. Furthermore, the stopping distance is very much affected by this set capability of the driver to handle the lateral disturbance, as expected.

Conclusion: In general the capability of the driver to handle disturbances should be estimated in real-time, considering driver mental state. By using the method it will then be possible to estimate e.g. stopping distance implied from this. The setup has the potential of even shortening the stopping distance, when the driver is estimated as active, this compared to currently available systems. The approach is feasible for real-time applications and requires only measurable vehicle quantities for parameterization. Examples of other suitable applications in scope of the method would be electronic stability control, lateral stability control at launch and optimal cornering arbitration.     

黄土深基坑降水诱发的地基附加应力和沉降简化计算

为预测黄土地区深基坑降水导致的地层不均匀沉降,确保坑周建筑物安全,基于弦线模量法、弹性半无限体理论和剪切位移法,将坑周土体以降水曲线为界分为疏干区和饱和区,综合考虑绕渗区内渗流力在水平方向的分量和桩-土界面侧摩阻力对土体的约束作用,推导降水引起地基附加应力和地面沉降的理论计算公式,将理论计算值与工程实际监测数据对比分析...     

AlCrSiN/AlCrN/AlCrON/AlCrN多层复合涂层的研究

目的 解决硬质合金刀具高速干切削难加工材料面临效率低、寿命短的难题,提升刀具涂层的耐热能力,在AlCrSiN涂层中周期性植入AlCrON热屏障层,并在其两侧沉积AlCrN层进行包夹,改善含氧层的韧性,既能保持涂层刀具较高的强度,又能改善其耐热能力.方法 采用全自动电弧离子镀膜机,研制具有不同调制周期的AlCrSiN/A...     

某微型齿轮机构的随机振动摩擦学试验研究

目的 解决微型齿轮机构在随机振动环境下服役寿命短的问题,通过跑合优化微型齿轮机构摩擦副的界面性能,提升其服役耐久性。方法 对微型齿轮机构进行跑合试验,采用正交试验法研究振动时间以及OX和OZ方向的随机振动能量对跑合效果的影响。为验证不同参数组合的跑合效果,设计标准工况振动载荷谱验证实验,测试实验前后的延时时间变化,并以此作为评判跑合效果的依据,借助平衡摆销表面磨损面积评判微型齿轮机构的磨损程度,通过统计学分析得到各个因素对跑合效果的影响趋势以及最优参数。结果 各因素对跑合效果的影响主次为振动时间>OZ方向随机振动量值>OX方向随机振动量值。随着振动时间和OZ方向振动能量的增加,延时时间变化量出现极小值,摆销磨损面积的增加速度呈现变缓的趋势。通过观察发现,OZ方向的振动使表面发生磨粒磨损,有助于表界面的跑合,而OX方向的振动能量对跑合效果的影响不显著。结论 通过延时时间变化量极差分析得到最优的跑合参数组合,振动时间为450min,OX和OZ方向的随机振动等效能量分别为6.79g和15.17g。     

极端温度对板式橡胶支座连续梁桥地震响应影响研究*

为研究温度对板式橡胶支座连续梁桥抗震性能的影响,以1座两联3×30 m的预应力混凝土连续箱梁为对象,考虑极端温度对桥墩本构关系和橡胶支座力学特性的影响,运用MIDAS/Civil有限元软件对桥梁地震响应进行研究。通过对地震作用时不同温度工况下桥墩墩底弯矩、墩顶位移和支座位移的地震响应分析,得到极端温度对板式橡胶支座连续梁桥地震响应的影响规律。研究结果表明:与常温工况相比,极端温度引起支座刚度、桥墩混凝土材料参数的改变,使地震作用下极端低温工况桥墩内力和位移响应最大增大35.65%和24.78%,极端高温状态支座位移最大增大15.31%;温度变化对橡胶支座力学参数的影响会导致桥墩和上部结构连接刚度发生改变,导致桥墩和支座地震响应变化显著,使桥墩内力和位移响应均与温度呈负相关,支座位移与温度呈正相关;根据现行规范计算的极端低温时桥墩墩底弯矩偏小,极端高温时桥墩弯矩偏大,设计中应予重视;极端低温导致支座和桥墩刚度增大,会使交接墩地震响应较其他桥墩更显著,在设计中应着重关注。     

NG/NC基体对复合改性双基推进剂机械感度的影响

目的 研究硝化甘油(NG)增塑的硝化棉(NC)基体对复合改性双基(AP/CMDB)固体推进剂机械感度的影响。方法 采用光辊压延法和柱塞式挤出法,分别制备NG增塑的NC吸收药样品及以其为基体的固体推进剂样品,采用扫描电镜表征不同增塑比的NC/NG基体及推进剂的微观形貌,采用摩擦感度仪、撞击感度仪测试NG/NC基体及推进剂的机械感度。结果 当NG的质量分数由41.5%降至37.5%时,NG/NC基体的撞击感度降低53.0%。加入超细高氯酸铵(AP)后,采用NG质量分数为37.5%的基体的推进剂,撞击感度增加46.7%,而加入球形铝粉后,AP颗粒分散均匀性和NG/NC网络均匀性增加,推进剂抗冲强度提高,撞击感度及摩擦感度分别降低44.4%和20.0%。结论 AP/CMDB推进剂的机械感度与微观结构明显相关,AP的加入提高了推进剂机械感度,Al粉的加入提高了粉体的分散均匀性和NG/NC对粉体颗粒的包裹效果,降低了推进剂机械感度。     

Slipping on pedestrian surfaces: methods for measuring and evaluating the slip resistance

Tripping, slipping and falling accidents are among the types of accident with a high incidence. This article describes the requirements concerning slip resistance, as well as the state of the art of slip resistance measurement standards in the European Community and the USA. The article also describes how risk assessment can be performed in the field.     

桥式起重机的啃轨及其处理方法

啃轨是影响桥式起重机安全运行的常见缺陷。本文将着重介绍桥式起重机啃轨原因及处理方法。     

摩擦对高坯料压缩稳定性的影响

采用刚塑性有限元法 ,对高坯料在平模间的压缩过程建立了刚塑性有限元模型并进行数值模拟 ,探讨数值模拟过程中横向扰动力的施加方法 ,对模拟结果进行了分析 ,最终获得了摩擦因子对坯料压缩稳定性的影响规律