树干深层理植铁剂“颗颗灵”后效研究

本文测定了成都市龙泉山缺铁失绿症果树埋植铁剂“颗颗灵”三年后叶片的叶绿素含量、厚度、100叶重、100叶体积、100叶面积等叶片生理和生长指标的变化。结果表明，树干深层埋植铁剂“颗颗灵”对供试桃、李、樱桃和柑桔树具有持续的后效．     

微波消解—石墨炉原子吸收法测定农产品中痕量铅空白值的降低方法探讨

对于铅含量痕量级的水果、蔬菜等农产品,微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法分析时称样量受到限制,其样品消解液中待测元素的总量很小,常出现空白值大于样品值的情况.本文就造成空白值高的原因及处理方法逐一进行了分析研究.     

A flood risk decision making approach for Mediterranean tree crops using GIS; climate change effects and flood-tolerant species

The aim of this study is to estimate flood risk in the Mediterranean island of Crete in Greece, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The island of Crete, covering an area of 8265 km², is one of the most intensively Mediterranean agricultural areas dominated by fruit tree crops. In this study, the factors that are directly related to the creation of a flood are combined in a GIS environment in order to identify the most prone flooding areas. These factors are: (a) the Flow accumulation (F), (b) the Rainfall intensity (R), (c) the Elevation (E), (d) the Geology (G), (e) the Land use (L), and (f) the Slope (S). The initials of these factors gave the name to the proposed method: “FREGLS”. The above factors are presented in the form of grid maps and are used in order to determine the final flood risk map. Subsequently, the flood prone fruit tree areas of Crete can be estimated by applying a methodology based on weighting coefficients. The reliability of the final flood risk map is verified using historical flooded data. Additionally, the impact of global climate change scenarios A2 and B1, on flood risk in Crete is examined. Based on the above, this study highlights the flood prone fruit tree areas in the island of Crete under current and future climate conditions. Also, flood-tolerant fruit trees which appear to be economically important for Greece are recommended, especially for the high flood risk areas of the island. The proposed methodology can be applied as a decision making tool for flood risk mitigation to any river basin where tree crops are cultivated.     

凉果行业水污染特征及全过程控制技术

针对我国南方特色的蜜饯制品凉果加工过程中产生的水污染问题,解析其废水来源与特征,系统研究凉果行业节水、废料利用和废水处理的技术路线、途径和工艺。按照“源头节水、中间减污、末端治污”的水污染全过程控制技术路线,从清洁生产角度提出基于“超声波节水清洗+工序水分质回用”的果蔬清洗与果坯脱盐漂洗节水技术;从循环经济角度提出腌渍液经真空浓缩+离子交换脱盐后制成低盐饮料及结晶盐回用,废糖液经过滤+澄清+脱色后再生回用及生产副产品的废料综合利用技术;针对凉果废水含盐量和COD高、水质变幅大等特征,从达标减排角度提出生化处理+脱盐处理组合工艺;并提出推动凉果企业清洁化改造,倡导行业集约化发展的对策建议。     

Shade tree management affects fruit abortion, insect pests and pathogens of cacao

The mortality of cacao fruits caused by early fruit abortion or insect and pathogen attacks was investigated in differently managed agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Nine agroforestry systems shaded by three different types of tree stands were selected, which represented a decrease in structural heterogeneity: forest remnants, diverse planted trees and one or two species of planted leguminose trees. After standardized manual cross-pollination, the development of 600 fruits on 54 trees (6 trees per agroforest) was followed during 18 weeks of fruit development. In total, 432 of all fruits were lost before maturity, which seriously undermined yields. The proportion of harvested fruits per tree (overall average: 27 ± 4%) was not affected by canopy type. Although shade cover did not have a significant effect, losses due to fruit abortion were most likely under forest shade, where nitrogen-fixing leguminose shade trees were absent. Fruit losses due to pathogenic infections and insect attacks increased with the homogenization of the agroforests, supporting the hypothesis that agricultural homogenization increases risks of pest outbreaks. In conclusion, shade management may be improved to increase yields from cacao using highly diversified natural shade agroforestry systems.     

大气中氟化物和二氧化硫对连云港市郊果树、蔬菜的影响

通过植物监测,对连云港市郊局部地区果树、蔬菜等连年来品质产量下降的原因进行研究。结果发现大气中氟化物(HF)含量高,局部以化工为主的地区污染较为突出,已对果树、蔬菜造成直接危害。此外,二氧化硫(SO_2)及其复合污染也存在一定影响。     

蔬菜和水果中残留硫双威的气相色谱分析

本文提出了一种快速、高效提取净化蔬菜、水果中残留硫双威的前处理方法和用火焰光度检测的气相色谱法。该法的最低检出浓度为０．０４ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，在蔬菜，水果中的平均加标回收率分别为９３．０－１０６．７％和９４．５－１０４．２％，变异系数分别为２．５７－６．０５％和２．７４－５．８３％。     

磁处理水对红星苹果贮藏特性的影响

用磁处理水处理红星苹果能显著地保持其贮藏期的果实硬度和可溶性固形物的含量，对果实的呼吸强度有明显的抑制作用，从而可提高红星苹果的贮藏品质，延长果实寿命．说明这种处理是水果保鲜的一种有效途径．     

桂西北果树业的结构优化及其产业化发展——以广西自治区环江县为例

广西壮族自治区环江县选择果树业作为科技扶贫的支柱产业是近几年来探索出来的一条成功经验。通过对环江县科环公司果树业发展模式的分析,作者对桂西北果树业的结构优化及产业化道路进行了探讨。     

12种常见落叶果树BVOCs排放清单和排放特征

为了解城市近郊区域植物源挥发性有机化合物(biogenic volatile organic compounds,BVOCs)排放情况,运用动态采样法对北京地区广泛种植的12种典型落叶果树(其中9种为首次报道) BVOCs进行野外采样和实验室分析.结果表明,果树释放物中含有烃类、醇类和醛类等9类物质,烃类含量最高,占39. 0%. 12种果树均释放异戊二烯和单萜(6种果树释放倍半萜烯),其中,桃等3种果树为高BVOCs排放树种,海棠等9种果树为中等BVOCs排放树种.果树总BVOCs(异戊二烯、单萜和倍半萜烯之和)释放速率在(2. 6±0. 1)～(14±0. 8)μg·(g·h)~(-1)之间,其中杏子总BVOCs释放速率最高[(14±0. 8)μg·(g·h)~(-1)].对不同科属及生活型果树BVOCs进行显著性分析发现,木本类果树异戊二烯释放速率[(4. 2±1. 4)μg·(g·h)~(-1)]显著高于藤本类[(0. 6±0. 2)μg·(g·h)~(-1),P=0. 03],但果树BVOCs的释放速率不具有显著的科属差异,暂不能依据果树科属关系对BVOCs释放水平进行分类.与松柏科植物不同,具有花香或脂香味的β-月桂烯(β-myrcene)、D-柠檬烯(D-limonene)和γ-松油烯(γ-terpinene)是果树释放的主要成分,β-月桂烯(β-myrcene)含量最高,占单萜总释放量的59. 3%.此外,果树还可能释放芴、菲和萘等8种具有芳香味的有毒有害大气污染物.本研究拓展了BVOCs研究领域,为丰富BVOCs数据库及BVOCs环境效应评估提供了基础数据.