褐牙鲆白化相关基因zfp123的组织表达谱与蛋白结构分析

C2H2锌指是真核细胞中最常见的DNA结合模体.对通过mRNA差异显示技术和克隆测序.在褐牙鲆中获得的一条白化相关锌指蛋白基因zfp123,进行了电子表达谱与实验验证表达谱的比较分析及该蛋白序列的一、二级和三级结构分析.电子表达谱分析分别对与ZFP123有较高同源性的斑马鱼、家鼠和猪的zfnd5a(zfp123)摹因各个组织表达情况进行了比较分析;一、二级结构分析发现其具有多个保守的基序和结构域;同源建模显示其具有一个"C-X(2-4)-CX11-C-X2-C"结构的锌指样三级结构.ZFP可以介导靶基因的转录调控,抑制或激活特定基因的表达;对DNA进行修饰,如人造限制性内切酶、重组酶、抗病毒感染等.锌指蛋白应用前景广阔.研究价值显著,是未来基因治疗的革命性的工具.     

Genetic relationships between roost-mates in a fission–fusion society of tree-roosting big brown bats (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eptesicus fuscus</Emphasis>)

Kin-based patterns of associations are often observed in group living mammals. Colonies of forest-living big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) exhibit fission–fusion roosting behavior and female philopatry. Within a roosting area of forest, adult females are distributed into several subgroups roosting in different trees during the day. At night, adult females leave the roost subgroups to forage and, upon return to the roosting area at dawn, both the individual composition and location of subgroups often change. Individuals exhibit nonrandom roosting associations, and we hypothesized that genetic relationships would influence roosting associations. We determined (1) whether the strength of roosting associations between pairs of bats (based on radiotelemetry) was correlated with relatedness, (2) whether individuals that roosted together in roost subgroups were more related than by chance, and (3) from roost subgroups, the pairs of bats that roosted nonrandomly and whether the proportion of related pairs was higher than expected at random. Relatedness measures were based on microsatellite genotyping and mitochondrial DNA sequences. We found from all analyses that roosting associations were not influenced by relatedness or matrilineal relationships. These results provide clear evidence that, contrary to other mammals, kinship does not mediate roosting associations within forest living big brown bats that exhibit fission–fusion roosting behavior.     

旅游还是游憩?我国国家公园的公众利用表述方式反思

自国家公园试点工作推行以来,有关国家公园到底能不能开展旅游活动以及开展什么样的旅游活动,到底是旅游活动还是游憩活动的争议从未停止。在分析“旅游”和“游憩”内涵的基础上,结合国外在国家公园利用方式的相应表述,根据我国建设国家公园的基本国情,对我国国家公园建设中的“游憩”与“旅游”问题进行了讨论。结论认为：国家公园内的“游憩”与“旅游”实际上是一体两面,在公园的功能定位与分区规划中,使用“游憩”一词比较合适,以体现国家公园的公益性目标。但在国家公园的具体运营管理中,使用“生态旅游”一词进行表述更恰当。在谈及旅游与国家公园的矛盾时,使用“旅游开发”更符合事实。     

四溴双酚A对赤子爱胜蚓的生长和基因表达的影响

试验采用人工土壤法,通过14 d急性毒性试验,研究了不同剂量TBBPA对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)生长、基因表达的影响。在14 d急性毒性试验中,随着暴露时间和浓度的增加,蚯蚓生长受到了显著抑制,未出现死亡现象。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的基因表达量在低浓度(50 mg·kg-1)时受到诱导上调;谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)的基因表达量在400 mg·kg-1染毒组受到明显诱导,是对照组的8.73倍;热休克蛋白(Hsp70)的基因表达量在50、100和200 mg·kg-1染毒组被诱导上调。基因表达量的变化显示,在50、100、200 mg·kg-1浓度条件下,蚯蚓可以利用自身的抗氧化能力维持体内的动态平衡稳定,使得机体免受损伤。但是在超过400 mg·kg-1浓度后,TBBPA的毒性效应超过了机体的应对能力,使机体遭受损伤,外在特征主要表现为蚯蚓身体蜷缩、变细变硬。从生物标志物角度,基因表达量的变化对TBBPA毒性效应的指示作用较生长抑制率更为敏感。     

运营期地铁隧道结构安全信息融合监控体系初探

以隧道结构系统特性研究为基础,以从单一正向思维模式向逆向思维、系统思维、反馈思维等全方位思维模式的转变为核心,引入并讨论了基于信息融合、分析融合、诊断融合和评价融合的体系结构,探索性地研究了运营期地铁隧道结构安全信息融合监控理论和方法体系。     

面向危险化学品运输监测系统的信息融合模型构建

设计一种可用于危化品运输全过程安全状态实时监测的多参数监测系统,并以该系统为基础,构建面向危化品运输安全监测系统的多传感器信息融合模型。该模型综合利用系统监测到的多种参数信息,通过数据预处理、特征提取和状态判决、形势判决、危险态势估计和预测等4个级别的信息融合,结合危险报警模块和数据库管理系统,自动分析被测数据,最终达到对危化品运输安全分类、分级、分层次报警的目的。以该模型为基础讨论部分信息融合算法并设计相应的软件,在实际构建的针对液化石油气的危化品安全监测系统中进行应用试验,结果说明了信息融合模型的有效性。     

用电厂粉煤灰试制枸溶性磷肥的研究

本文对用粉煤灰制肥料的可行性进行了研究,选用磷矿石、助熔剂,添加剂和粉煤灰以适当的比例混合后熔融,使混合物料中的非枸溶性成分转化成能被植物吸收的枸溶性成分。经上百次熔融实验,对物料的配比及工艺条件进行筛选,确定出最佳配料参数和工艺操作条件。所研制肥料的吃灰量可达40％,并具有复合肥的作用和较好的肥效。     

Driving anger expression in Germany—Validation of the Driving Anger Expression Inventory for German drivers

Objective: The main objective of this article is to examine whether the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) applies to German drivers because this scale has previously been given to drivers in many different countries.

Methods: We applied German versions of the DAX, the Driving Anger Scale (DAS), and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) to a sample of 501 German drivers. We computed confirmatory factor analysis and principal axis factoring (PAF) analysis to examine the structure of driving anger expression in Germany. Finally, we related the drivers’ anger exp ression scores to their driving anger experiences and their general anger propensities to assess the validity of the DAX for German drivers.

Results: Results indicated that the DAX’s original factor structure does not apply to German drivers because the confirmatory factor analysis did not show a good model fit. An item analysis revealed that many DAX items had no meaningful variability. They were excluded from further analysis. The subsequent PAF analysis indicated that German drivers do not use personal physical aggression to express their driving anger. Instead, they reported unique preventive anger expression management behavior. In addition, their driving anger expressions were significantly related to their driving anger experiences and their general anger propensities indicated the validity of the refined DAX for German drivers.

Conclusions: We conclude that German drivers do not use strong behaviors to express their driving anger. Many statements of Deffenbacher et al.’s (Behav Res Ther. 40:717–737, 2002) original American questionnaire were not applicable for our sample of German drivers. These findings are in line with several other studies showing discrepancies in driving anger expression in various countries. Future investigations should examine the reasons for discrepancies in driving anger expression.     

The non-target organism Caenorhabditis elegans withstands the impact of sulfamethoxazole

The widespread usage of antibiotics in agriculture leads to releases into the environment, but there is insufficient knowledge of the side-effects on non-target organisms. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the sulfonamide-antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on Caenorhabditis elegans at phenotypic, biochemical and molecular biological levels. Multiple endpoints, including life history traits, thermal stress resistance and lipid peroxidation, as well as gene expression profiles, were determined after exposure of the nematodes to SMX. In contrast to expectations, SMX prolonged the lifespan and increased both the body size and pharynx pumping rate. On the other hand, SMX delayed reproductive timing and caused lipid peroxidation. The total number of offspring and thermal stress resistance were unaffected. The up-regulation of hsp-16.1 indicated stress in general and the increased lipid peroxidation oxidative stress in particular. This oxidative stress indicated that mitohormesis was the likely cause of the longevity and that enhanced pumping frequency was probably the reason for the increased growth. The sole adverse effect was delayed initial reproduction. This delay, however, can be crucial for r-strategists, such as the bacterivorous model animal used, in sustaining their populations in the environment in the presence of predators. Bacterivorous animals, in turn, are essential to maintaining nutrient recycling via the microbial loop.     

利用矾泥制备铵明矾

采用酸熔法分离矾泥中的铝与硅，不仅克服了碱浸工艺脱硅的复杂过程和铝回收率低的不足，而且解决了酸浸工艺中产品纯度低和设备材质要求高等问题，通过试验确定了酸熔最佳工艺条件为：温度200℃，时间30min，酸铝比1.18，活性铝的回收率为96.69%，铵明矾的纯度在99.5%以上。