资源型城市转型绩效特征及其碳减排效应

基于中国资源型城市2003—2018年面板数据综合测度城市转型绩效,采用空间马尔科夫链、空间计量模型和空间双重差分模型,探究资源型城市转型绩效特征及其对碳排放的影响。结果表明：（1）资源型城市转型绩效逐渐提升,与此对应的是区域差异呈波动上升趋势,且四种类型资源型城市之间区域差异主要来源于地区内差异,成熟型城市贡献最大;资源型城市转型绩效存在明显的空间分异性,发展格局由以跨越区为核心的“多点式”零星分布向先行区为核心的“组团式”聚集形态演变。（2）资源型城市转型绩效在不同时期存在状态转移的可能性,具有滞后区、起步区、跨越区和先行区4个趋同俱乐部特征,空间马尔科夫链表明转移趋势存在明显空间关联性,状态转移通常出现在相邻等级之间,较少有“跳跃式”转移现象,具有长期性和持续性特征。（3）资源型城市转型具有显著碳减排效应,而且这种效应存在不同资源类型、不同发展阶段和不同空间区位的异质性特征,经济产业转型、社会生活转型和生态环境转型是发挥碳减排效应的重要因素;进一步的政策冲击分析表明,产业转型升级示范区和高新技术产业开发区的设立对城市碳减排具有积极的政策效应。     

南北差异视角下个体食物浪费行为——基于大学生高校食堂就餐情境的分析

饮食习惯一直被认为是造成食物浪费的重要因素。基于对29省29所高校9192份大学生食堂就餐的实地调查问卷,从南北差异视角探讨了个体食物浪费行为的差异特征。研究表明：相对北方籍大学生,南方籍大学生浪费食物的概率更高,南方籍大学生在高校食堂就餐时食物浪费量和浪费率也高于北方籍大学生。通过中介效应模型,证实南北方主流饮食模式是引发浪费差异的关键所在。进一步匹配大学生南北方籍贯和所就读高校的南北区位,并以“南方大学生在南方高校求学”模式为基准,发现“南方大学生到北方高校求学”模式下,个体有更低的食物浪费概率、浪费量和浪费率。但“北方大学生到南方高校求学”模式下,个体没有显示出较低的食物浪费概率、食物浪费量和食物浪费率,从而稳健地证实南北方主流饮食模式是引发浪费差异的关键所在这一结论。     

北京大气PM2.5载带金属浓度、来源及健康风险的城郊差异

为探究北京地区大气PM_2.5载带金属在城区和郊区污染特征、来源及其健康风险的差异,于2017年6~11月采集海淀和大兴两地的PM_2.5日样本,分析PM_2.5及其载带的13种金属浓度.利用PMF源解析方法对13种金属元素来源进行分析,并采用健康风险评价方法对其中9种金属的健康危害进行评估.结果表明,城区PM_2.5及Cr、Co、Mn和Ni等10种金属浓度与郊区均有显著差异（P<0.05）.源解析结果发现,城区和郊区均可解释为4个源,但来源略有不同,占比亦有差异.城区的为机动车源（51.2%）、燃煤来源（19.1%）、扬尘来源（19.3%）和燃油来源（10.4%）;郊区的为机动车源（47.9%）、燃煤来源（22.6%）、扬尘来源（20.2%）和电镀来源（9.3%）.健康风险评价结果表明,城郊各金属HQ值均小于1,均不存在非致癌风险.城区中Ni和Pb,郊区中Cd、Co、Ni和Pb可忽略致癌风险,而城区的As（2.77×10^-5）、Cd（2×10^-6）、Co（1.76×10^-6）和Cr（Ⅵ）（7.88×10^-6）,郊区的As（8.34×10^-6）和Cr（Ⅵ）（4.94×10^-6）的R值介于10^-6与10^-4之间,具有一定的致癌风险.     

Living with transience in high-risk humanitarian spaces: the gendered experiences of international staff and policy implications for building resilience

Deployment in a crisis zone is a perilous undertaking. Little is known right now about how humanitarian workers relate social and professional goals to lived experiences of high-risk environments. In South Sudan, ranked as the most dangerous country globally for aid workers, 20 international humanitarian staff were interviewed to examine their sense of place, well-being, and vocation, using thematic and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Subjectivities of humanitarian space hinged upon negotiating physical hardships and social relationships: Juba, the capital, was described as a ‘prison’ and a ‘party hotspot’. For expatriate staff, making sense of spatial, social, and professional transience was sharply gendered and rooted in the subjectivities of risk-taking, crisis management, and career-building. Two policy measures are highlighted here to address the implications of transience for human well-being and organisational effectiveness. Efforts to support teams and structure work environments, altering the humanitarian and vocational bubble, will help to develop resilience at the heart of humanitarian systems.     

塔里木河下游输水前后NDVI差异分析

运用统计方法分析塔里木河下游英苏、喀尔达依、阿拉干三断面输水前后归一化植被指数(NDVI)的差异大小并推测河畔植被对输水的响应程度。结果表明:随着输水进行,研究区NDVI与地下水埋深逐渐呈负相关趋势,NDVI增幅随地下水埋深减小逐渐增大;输水前后相同断面NDVI差异极显著,根据输水前后NDVI差值大小确定植被恢复速度为:英苏>喀尔达依>阿拉干;各断面NDVI在输水前没有差异,输水后断面间NDVI差异显著,根据差异大小确定恢复程度顺序为英苏>喀尔达依>阿拉干;以大西海子水库周边NDVI为参照,确定经7年8次生态输水英苏、喀尔达依、阿拉干三断面植被恢复度分别为20.2%、18.4%和8.4%。以上研究表明,研究区植被恢复仍然有限,坚持持续输水很有必要。     

The Development of Risky Driving in Adolescence

The driving attitudes and self-reported behaviors of New Zealand adolescents in Year 10 of school (n = 168, mean age = 14.2 years) were compared with students in Year 12 (n = 109, mean age = 16.4 years). School year group differences were found for three out of the eight measures of risky attitudes and behaviors, with the older students having riskier responses in each case. Gender differences were found for four of these measures, with males consistently demonstrating riskier attitudes. Suggestions are made about appropriate interventions and the timing of these.     

安徽四大区域对外开放度与经济增长的分析

对外开放度是测量一个地区经济发展国际化程度的一个重要标志。以SPSS12．0为分析工具,运用回归分析方法,对安徽省四大区域对外开放度差异进行了测定和分析。2000年以来,安徽省四大经济区域对外开放度有了明显提高,但基础设施、区位条件、产业结构等方面的差异导致四大区域之间、区域内部以及地市之间的对外开放度存在明显差异。回归分析显示,对外开放度与安徽区域经济增长有着显著的相关性。     

Attitudes and Perceptions about Ecological Resources and Hazards of People Living Aroung the Savannah River Site

Although considerable attention is devoted to environmental monitoring and assessment with respect to both pollutants and the status of particular plant or animal populations, less attention is devoted to assessing people's attitudes about the relative importance of ecological resources. In this paper we examine the attitudes and perceptions about ecological resources of people living around the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), in South Carolina. Our overall hypothesis is that people who are directly affected by the possible outcomes and consequences of a particular hazard (i.e., those people employed at SRS) will undervalue the risks and overvalue the potential benefits from future land uses that favor continued site activity, compared to people who live near but are not employed at SRS. We interviewed 286 people attending the Aiken Trials horse show on 14 March 1997. There were few gender differences, although men hunted and fished more than women, women ranked three environmental concerns as more severe than did men, and women were more concerned about the effect of SRS on property values. Maintenance of SRS as a National Environmental Research Park ranked first as a future land use; nuclear production ranked second, followed by hunting and hiking. Only residential development ranked very low as a future land use. There were many differences as a function of employment history at SRS: 1) people who work at SRS think that the federal government should spend funds to clean up all nuclear facilities, and they think less money should be spent on other environmental problems than did non-employees, 2) people who work at SRS ranked continued current uses of SRS higher than did people who never worked at SRS, and 3) people who work at SRS are less concerned about the storage of nuclear material or accidents at the site than are people who never worked at the site.     

水中氮类污染物的联系与区别

叙述了水体中含氮类污染物的来源，种类，相互转化方式和条件，表征意义等，以便对水中氮类污染物有一个全面，系统的认识。     

路堤荷载下带桩帽刚性桩复合地基桩土应力比分析

路堤一般由填土、碎石等散体材料组成,刚性桩复合地基中,桩土刚度差异较大引起的桩土间沉降差异,会导致路堤内部出现相对竖向位移。通过路堤填土的受力平衡分析,根据桩土差异沉降,求解出桩帽和桩帽间土体的应力分配,并结合桩帽下应力分配得出桩身应力,最终求解出桩土应力比及桩的荷载分担比例。工程实例监测结果验证了文中计算公式的适用性和可靠性。通过分析计算结果和实测结果,得出了一些路堤荷载下刚性桩复合地基的承载规律,可供理论研究和工程设计参考。