Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

华北地区地表臭氧时空分布特征及驱动因子

利用趋势分析(TA)、地理时空加权回归模型(GTWR)和多因素广义相加模型(MGAM),研究了2015～2020年华北地区O3浓度的时空分布规律及驱动因素间的复杂非线性关系.结果表明,华北地区年均O3浓度>70μg/m3,整体呈持续增长趋势,平均增加速率为2.3μg/(m3·a)(P<0.01);季节上O3浓度呈春夏高...     

Synthesized magnetic nanoparticles coated zeolite for the adsorption of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous solution using batch and column studies

The contamination of fresh water with pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) has risen during the last few years. The adsorption of some PPCPs namely, Diclofenac-Na, Naproxen, Gemfibrozil and Ibuprofen from aqueous solution has been studied, magnetic nanoparticles coated zeolite (MNCZ) has been used as the adsorbent. Batch adsorption experiment was conducted to study the influences of different adsorption parameters such as contact time, solution pH and PPCPs concentrations in order to optimize the reaction conditions. The removal was favored at low pH values. Thus, as pH turns from acidic to basic conditions these compounds were less efficiently removed. The initial concentration does not appear to exert a noticeable effect on the removal efficiency of the studied PPCPs at low concentrations, but it showed less removal efficiency during high concentration of PPCPs especially for Ibuprofen. The removal of Diclofenac-Na was independent on time, while the contact time was of significant effect on the adsorption of Naproxen, Gemfibrozil and Ibuprofen even though these compounds were removed up to 95% during 10 min using MNCZ. From the isotherm adsorption study, the adsorption of PPCPs studied on MNCZ was best fitted with Freundlich isotherm equation. Pseudo-second order model providing the best fit model with the experimental data. Column adsorption study was conducted to compare the removal efficiency of MNCZ with other processes used at drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), MNCZ showed high removal efficiency (>99%) than other used processes at DWTPs.     

基于Winkler模型的沿空留巷底板变形力学分析

沿空留巷顶板岩层垮落到底板时,会影响底板的受力和变形,进而导致底臌,底臌的产生将直接影响采煤工作开展。为了对巷道底板的变形机理进行研究,根据空留巷底板受力特点,将巷道底板视为弹性地基梁,建立顶板岩层垮落在巷道底板上的不均匀荷载作用下的Winkler弹性地基梁力学模型,通过对高阶微分方程求解,分析巷道底板任一处的挠度、转角、弯矩及剪力的分布规律,并结合内力分布规律对底板破坏机理进行分析。结合工程实践,提出了防止底板变形的措施,为类似工程的设计及施工提供参考。     

气温与臭氧协同作用对COPD住院人数的影响

为评价气温与臭氧（O₃）协同作用对慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）住院人数的影响,采用广义相加模型（GAM）、平滑曲线阈值效应和饱和效应方法,在控制了时间序列长期趋势、季节效应、节假日效应和相对湿度、污染物PM_2.5、SO₂、NO₂浓度混杂因素的影响后,分析了2013~2016年石家庄市气温与O₃协同作用对COPD住院人数影响的暴露-反应关系,并考虑了不同年龄、性别的分人群效应.结果表明,日平均气温的阈值为0.3,19℃,O₃的分层临界值100μg/m³;当O₃≥100μg/m³时,随着气温每上升1℃,COPD日均住院人数增加的相对危险度1.042（95%：1.020,1.065）,并且在T≥19℃时其效应值最大,为1.084（95%：1.048,1.121）.较高气温、高O₃污染环境对COPD疾病人群的影响存在协同加强效应,且对老年人影响更敏感,而男女性别上没有显著差异.     

Environmental equity and the distribution of toxic release inventory and other environmentally undesirable sites in metropolitan New York City

We study the question of environmental equity via generalized linear modeling for the metropolitan New York City region and ask whether, after accounting for socioeconomic status, particular racial/ethnic populations bear a disproportionate burden of hosting environmentally undesirable sites. Our data consist of population demographics for 2216 census tracts linked to 354 environmentally undesirable facilities, including toxic release inventory sites, hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, and other common urban problem sites such as landfills, incinerators, bus garages and sewage treatment plants. Using generalized linear and additive modeling techniques, we find that racial/ethnic demographics, in particular the Hispanic percentage of a tract's population, are significantly associated with the presence of potentially environmentally adverse sites. This leads us to the conclusion that, over the whole metropolitan New York City area, the Hispanic population is proximate to more sites than other populations. At the same time, we find that both Hispanics and African-Americans are more proximate to these sites in the Bronx and Queens. However, we also find indications that Hispanics and African-Americans are less likely to be proximate to the sites in Manhattan. We establish an empirical relationship that warrants additional study in order to establish the causes for the population distribution and whether a basis for a claim of discrimination exists.     

降雨径流面源污染年负荷预测方法的开发——以镇江古运河为例

在对镇江古运河2009~2013年的降雨量、降雨径流污染物量监测的基础上,运用回归分析建立降雨量-径流污染方程,并采用灰色理论对未来降雨量进行预测,进而得出降雨径流面源污染年负荷值。结果表明:2014~2020年间,镇江古运河降雨径流中污染物TP、NH₃-N和SS的年负荷与降雨量同向变化,2020年降雨量达到1 381.2 mm时,污染物TP、NH₃-N和SS的年负荷可分别达到217.15 t、421.4 t、5 811.87 t,数值较大;灰色理论与回归分析结合所提出的降雨径流面源污染年负荷预测方法,能够在小样本、贫信息和波动数据序列情况下,简捷有效的对降雨径流面源污染负荷进行高精度的预测,实用与推广价值较大。     

Dynamic growth model for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations in Galicia (north-western Spain)

In this study we developed a dynamic growth model for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations in Galicia (north-western Spain). The data used to develop the model were obtained from a network of permanent plots, of between 10 and 55-year-old, which the Unidade de Xestión Forestal Sostible (Sustainable Forest Management Unit) of the University of Santiago de Compostela has set up in pure plantations of this species of pine in its area of distribution in Galicia. In this model, the initial stand conditions at any point in time are defined by three state variables (number of trees per hectare, stand basal area and dominant height), and are used to estimate stand volume, classified by commercial classes, for a given projection age. The model uses three transition functions expressed as algebraic difference equations of the three corresponding state variables used to project the stand state at any point in time. In addition, the model incorporates a function for predicting initial stand basal area, which can be used to establish the starting point for the simulation. This alternative should only be used when the stand is not yet established or when no inventory data are available. Once the state variables are known for a specific moment, a distribution function is used to estimate the number of trees in each diameter class, by recovering the parameters of the Weibull function, using the moments of first and second order of the distribution (arithmetic mean diameter and variance, respectively). By using a generalized height–diameter function to estimate the height of the average tree in each diameter class, combined with a taper function that uses the above predicted diameter and height, it is then possible to estimate total or merchantable stand volume.     

人口,资源与环境协调发展的综合模式研究（Ⅱ）：资源配置新论

本文在文献[3]的基础上,提出了广义资源配置的目标就是兼顾经济增长与持续发展。为了使经济理论内核中包括持续发展问题,认为系统经济学应以资源空间、商品空间和价格空间作为出发点,进而提出了系统经济学的理论框架,在此基础上运用非线性理讨论了资源配置的模式问题。     

People’s dependency on forest resources and contributions of forests to the livelihoods: a case study in Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh

The study was conducted to investigate people’s forest dependency and contributions of forests to the livelihoods in the three hill districts of Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh. The study revealed that forest resources contribute significantly to rural community’s livelihoods and economic well-being. Using generalized logistic regressions, this study has also investigated the socioeconomic factors that affect people’s dependency on forest resources of CHT. The study revealed that people’s income from forest and forest-related occupation was positively aligned with their forest dependency. However, their education level significantly reduced their dependency on forest resources. Thus, educating the forest-dependent people and supporting alternative income generation activities should be appreciated for effective forest management in CHT. This study will be helpful to forest and environmental policy makers for CHT.