中国林蛙Rana chensinensis遗传多样性初步研究

用寡聚核苷酸探针ＬＺＦ－１，对中国林蛙的基因指纹进行了研究，结果表明，中国林蛙３个居群扔Ｈｉｎｆ－１酶切片段的ＤＮＡ指纹图呈现在个体水平，群居水平和物种水平的高度多态性。     

基因污染与生态环境安全

论述了基因污染可能对生态环境安全造成的影响。转基因作物有可能污染天然物种的基因库；有可能破坏传统农作物品种的遗传多样性，加速作物种植品种的单一化及基因资源的流失；使抗除草剂作物的基因向野生或半野生植物漂移的可能性加大，有可能创造出“超级杂草”；带有病毒型转基因作物的基因重组，有可能创造出新的植物病毒，导致新的病害；BT转基因抗虫作物分泌的毒素，在食物链中传递，很难加以控制，对非目标生物造成危害，并最终破坏自然生态系统的平衡。文章还从不同角度分析了基因污染的严重性。     

Tibial hemimelia syndrome: Prenatal diagnosis by real-time ultrasound

The tibial hemimelia syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition associated with limb deficiencies. We recently diagnosed this condition in a pregnancy at 16·5 weeks' gestation by ultrasound and a positive family history. To our knowledge, this represents the first case to be detected prenatally.     

人工神经网络和遗传算法在生物载体填料生产工艺中的应用

本文应用BP人工神经网络建立了生物流化床污水处理工艺中新型生物载体填料的生产工艺参数与填料磨损破碎率和松散容重之间的关系，并运用遗传算法对填料的生产工艺进行了优化。结果表明：填料的最佳生产工艺参数为：EVA含量14％；活性炭含量3．6％；胶粉粒度18.97目。此时，填料的磨损破碎率和松散容量均达到最优值，分别为0．358％和0．226kg／L。这一优化结果对生物载体填料的实际生产加工具有指导意义。     

基于SVM的通风系统故障诊断惩罚系数与核函数系数优化研究

使用支持向量机（SVM）方法对矿井通风系统进行故障诊断,存在惩罚系数（c）和核函数系数（g）,通过人工方法选取效率低、难以达到较高准确率并且出现过拟合的问题。为了提高矿井通风故障诊断的效率、准确率,同时避免过拟合现象,提出了一种改进遗传算法（GA）,在故障诊断过程中对支持向量机的c,g参数进行优化。经过多组试验分析,研究结果表明:用遗传算法优化的SVM矿井通风故障诊断系统相比于未优化系统的故障诊断准确率有所提升,参数未优化前故障诊断的准确率为60%,优化后的准确率为97.894 7%,并且优化参数经过大数据样本验证,未出现过拟合现象,证明了本文提出方法的有效性。     

Founder Effects,Inbreeding, and Loss of Genetic Diversity in Four Avian Reintroduction Programs

Abstract: The number of individuals translocated and released as part of a reintroduction is often small, as is the final established population, because the reintroduction site is typically small. Small founder and small resulting populations can result in population bottlenecks, which are associated with increased rates of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity, both of which can affect the long‐term viability of reintroduced populations. I used information derived from pedigrees of four monogamous bird species reintroduced onto two different islands (220 and 259 ha) in New Zealand to compare the pattern of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity among the reintroduced populations. Although reintroduced populations founded with few individuals had higher levels of inbreeding, as predicted, other factors, including biased sex ratio and skewed breeding success, contributed to high levels of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity. Of the 10–58 individuals released, 4–25 genetic founders contributed at least one living descendent and yielded approximately 3–11 founder–genome equivalents (number of genetic founders assuming an equal contribution of offspring and no random loss of alleles across generations) after seven breeding seasons. This range is much lower than the 20 founder–genome equivalents recommended for captive‐bred populations. Although the level of inbreeding in one reintroduced population initially reached three times that of a closely related species, the long‐term estimated rate of inbreeding of this one population was approximately one‐third that of the other species due to differences in carrying capacities of the respective reintroduction sites. The increasing number of reintroductions to suitable areas that are smaller than those I examined here suggests that it might be useful to develop long‐term strategies and guidelines for reintroduction programs, which would minimize inbreeding and maintain genetic diversity.     

Joint Effects of Inbreeding and Local Adaptation on the Evolution of Genetic Load after Fragmentation

Abstract: Disruption of gene flow among demes after landscape fragmentation can facilitate local adaptation but increase the effect of genetic drift and inbreeding. The joint effects of these conflicting forces on the mean fitness of individuals in a population are unknown. Through simulations, we explored the effect of increased isolation on the evolution of genetic load over the short and long term when fitness depends in part on local adaptation. We ignored genetic effects on demography. We modeled complex genomes, where a subset of the loci were under divergent selection in different localities. When a fraction of the loci were under heterogeneous selection, isolation increased mean fitness in larger demes made up of hundreds of individuals because of improved local adaptation. In smaller demes of tens of individuals, increased isolation improved local adaptation very little and reduced overall fitness. Short‐term improvement of mean fitness after fragmentation may not be indicative of the long‐term evolution of fitness. Whatever the deme size and potential for local adaptation, migration of one or two individuals per generation minimized the genetic load in general. The slow dynamics of mean fitness following fragmentation suggests that conservation measures should be implemented before the consequences of isolation on the genetic load become of concern.