芳香烃菲与基因碱基的非共价结合及驱动机制

疏水芳香烃类化合物能够导致基因遗传性的变化,理解这些化合物对基因污染的前提是必须首先阐明污染物-基因碱基间相互作用及驱动机制.使用等温吸附-光纤固相萃取和定量-构效关系的方法,研究了模型化合物菲与4种基因碱基间的弱相互作用,并揭示了分子驱动机制.结果表明,p H=7.0条件下,腺嘌呤与菲间引力较弱;而鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶对菲为分配吸附,引力较强.红外光谱和弱力等值面的分析表明,鸟嘌呤与腺嘌呤分子能够通过2组CN环(CN6环和5环)与菲的2个相互毗邻的苯核同时发生π-π引力作用;而胞嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶仅与菲弧角位置的碳原子通过电子"赠体-受体"发生静电引力作用.当环境体系变成酸性时,腺嘌呤对菲的吸附增强(分配,1/n=1),但胸腺嘧啶对菲的吸附变弱;碱性条件下,由于胞嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶存在羰基取代基,作为电子赠体的含氧嘧啶脱质子化,表面负电性增强,分子平面极化减弱,π电子更易于与菲弧角位的碳原子发生电子"赠体-受体"作用.能量计算的结果表明,对基因碱基作用位点的预测结果可信,属于自发的非共价成因的物理结合.该研究将为深入揭示芳香烃的基因污染提供理论基础,对于防治芳香烃污染、保障生态安全有重要意义.     

An optimization approach for sustainable release of e-flows for lake restoration and preservation: Model development and a case study of Baiyangdian Lake, China

In this paper, we describe the development of a model for the sustainable release of e-flows from the regional water resource infrastructure (e.g., reservoirs, rivers with available water) for lake restoration and preservation, and use the model in a case study of Baiyangdian Lake, China. First, we define the sustainable environmental flows (e-flows), with an emphasis on the ecological importance of temporal variation in factors such as water level (depth). By analyzing historical data on the suitable range of water levels in the lake, we evaluated fluctuations using canonical correspondence analysis and frequency distribution analysis. The temporal variations required by the ecosystem of the lake were also assessed. Based on this approach, we developed an optimization model for sustainable release of e-flows. We used the adaptive genetic algorithm approach to solve the model and determine the required release of e-flows. Scenario analysis then provided a range of potential management strategies for the e-flows. The optimal results are helpful to the lake managers to establish sustainable e-flow release schemes for the lake restoration and preservation.     

基于参数不确定性的地下水污染治理多目标管理模型

引入随机Pareto控制排序和随机小生境技术,提出基于参数随机变化的改进小生境Pareto遗传算法,用于求解不确定性条件下地下水污染治理多目标管理模型.同时,利用顺序高斯条件模拟的蒙特卡罗方法,结合不确定性分析和风险评估,分析不同渗透系数条件点数对污染物运移结果不确定性和污染风险评价的影响.最后将该方法应用于一个考虑渗透系数为随机变量的二维地下水污染修复算例中.结果分析表明,该方法可为地下水污染治理提供变异性较小的Pareto管理策略,是一种稳定可靠的多目标随机优化方法.     

基于MLST鄱阳湖微囊藻的遗传多样性及其系统发育

为了研究鄱阳湖微囊藻的遗传多样性及其系统发育关系，基于7个管家基因（ftsZ、glnA、gltX、gyrB、pgi、recA和tpi），建立了一个多位点序列分型（MLST）方法.对来自鄱阳湖的20株微囊藻分离株进行MLST研究，并构建本地微囊藻MLST基因库.结果表明：这20株藻株具有20种独特的序列型（STs），揭示了微囊藻高水平的遗传多样性（H=0.986）.基于7个MLST位点串联序列的系统发育分析显示，微囊藻藻株序列型可分为5个不同的组.与之前日本湖泊研究的237个STs共建的系统发育树比对表明，本研究的STs形成了独立的分枝.该结果说明不同地区的微囊藻是相对稳定的，因此可以用MLST进行明确的表征.     

Whole genome amplification from a single cell: a new era for preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a technique used for determining the genetic status of a single cell biopsied from embryos or oocytes. Genetic analysis from a single cell is both rewarding and challenging, especially in PGD. The starting material is very limited and not replaceable, and the diagnosis has to be made in a very short time. Different whole genome amplification (WGA) techniques have been developed to specifically increase the DNA quantities originating from clinical samples with limited DNA contents. In this review, currently available WGA techniques are introduced and, among them, multiple displacement amplification (MDA) is discussed in detail. MDA generates abundant assay-ready DNA to perform broad panels of genetic assays through its ability to rapidly amplify genomes from single cells. The utilization of MDA for single-cell molecular analysis is expanding at a high rate, and MDA is expected to soon become an integral part of PGD. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relative Contribution of Inbreeding Depression and Eroded Adaptive Diversity to Extinction Risk in Small Populations of Shore Campion

Abstract:  To study the relative importance of inbreeding depression and the loss of adaptive diversity in determining the extinction risk of small populations, we carried out an experiment in which we crossed and self-fertilized founder plants from a single, large population of shore campion ( Silene littorea Brot.). We used the seeds these plants produced to colonize 18 new locations within the distribution area of the species. The reintroduced populations were of three kinds: inbred and genetically homogeneous, each made up of selfed seed from a single plant; inbred and mixed, made up of a mixture of selfed seeds from all founder plants; and outbred and mixed, made up of a mixture of seeds obtained in outcrosses between the founders. We compared the inbred homogeneous populations with the inbred mixed to measure the effect of genetic diversity among individuals and the inbred mixed with the outbred mixed to measure the effect of inbreeding. Reintroduction success was seriously limited by inbreeding, whereas it was not affected by genetic diversity. This observation and the nonsignificant interaction between family and reintroduction location for individual plant characters suggest that the fixation of overall deleterious genes causing inbreeding depression posed a more serious threat to the short-term survival of the populations than the loss of genes involved in genotype and environment interactions. Thus, reintroduction success was related to adaptive diversity. Preventing such fixation might be the most important consideration in the genetic management and conservation of shore campion populations.