荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)工程菌株田间残留和扩散的追踪检测

分别在北京和江苏省连云港市对携带Btcry基因的荧光假单胞菌工程菌进行了田间残留与扩散的追踪检测 .对越冬前后的试验地和保护地土壤样品进行抗生素抗性平板分离 ,能检测到极少量的具有与出发菌株相同抗性的荧光假单胞菌菌落 ,但没有发现工程菌株的残留与扩散 .对江苏试验地样品还进行了工程菌株质粒卡那霉素和壮观霉素抗性标记基因的抗性菌落分离 ,绝大多数样品中都能分离到包括荧光假单胞菌在内的抗性菌落 ,土样中菌密度n(cfu) =10 4 ～ 10 5g-1,但进行Btcry基因PCR -RFLP检测时没有从样品中得到特异扩增产物 .研究结果表明 :工程菌株抗性标记基因在自然界广泛存在 ,工程菌在株环境中没有残留和扩散 ,具有良好的生物安全性 .表 4参 8     

中药青蒿的生理生化特征及其研究进展

中药青蒿即黄花蒿 (ＡｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａａｎｎｕａＬ .) ,与分类学上的青蒿 (Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａａｐｉａｃｅａ)同属菊科 (ＡｓｔｅｒａｃｅａｅｏｒＣｏｍｐｏｓｉｔａｅ)蒿属(Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ) ,两者均为一年生草本植物且形态上非常相似 ,最明显的区别是黄花蒿的叶片为三回羽状全裂 ,而青蒿为二回羽状全裂 .青蒿广泛分布于全国各地 ,多生于海拔 40 0ｍ以下的丘陵平地[1] .现在这种植物广泛分布于世界各地[2 ] .青蒿在许多地区被用于编制花环 ,提取香料 ,更重要的是从青蒿中分离出的青蒿素是所有抗疟药中起效最快、疗效最好、毒性最低…     

杨树抗旱性研究进展

The drought resistance of woody plants, in particular, Populus, was reviewed in this paper. Studies about drought resistance of Populus mostly focused on changes in growth properties, physiological adaptation and biochemical aspects, but a few on molecular biology. The indexes of drought adaptation and productivity were analyzed and these indexes could be employed to identify drought resistance of woody plants. Combination of such different approaches will, hopefully, give us a more complete understanding of the various regulatory mechanisms in trees than what we may have today. With development of the molecular biology of woody plants, the sluties on stress resistance of Populus which was regarded as a model plant, are summarised. Ref 96     

Queen dimorphism and reproductive strategies in the fire ant Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Alate trapping studies of a monogyne population of the fire ant Solenopsis geminata indicate that two sizes of gynes are produced. Macrogynes, which participate in late spring and summer mating flights, are larger, fattier, and more than twice as heavy as microgynes, which participate in fall mating flights. Three patterns of gyne production were observed in 51 colonies studied: 35 produced macrogynes only, 9 produced microgynes only, and 7 produced both morphs, contributing to both summer and fall mating flights. Behavioral evidence and rearing studies suggest that macrogynes found new colonies independently, whereas microgynes achieve colony queen status by infiltrating or being adopted by established colonies. Of the total number of female alates collected from the trapped colonies, 56% were microgynes. However, because of their smaller size and lower fat content, microgynes made up only one-third of the caloric investment in female alates. By measuring the thorax lengths of queens from mature colonies, we determined that at least 56% were macrogynes and 35% or more were microgynes. These results indicate that as a reproductive strategy, colony investment in microgyne production may have at least as high a payoff as investment in macrogyne production.This is publication #24 of the Fire Ant Research Team     

Effect of Vegetation Matrix on Animal Dispersal: Genetic Evidence from a Study of Endangered Skinks

Abstract:  Maintaining connectivity in fragmented landscapes is a key principle of biological conservation. Although corridors are a widely accepted approach to connecting populations, their merits are still debated, and they may be impractical in many situations. A focus on management of the vegetation matrix between populations has been advocated as an alternative way to deal with habitat fragmentation and has theoretical support. We combined microsatellite DNA and demographic data to provide an empirical account of how two forms of agricultural land use affect the connectivity of insular populations of an endangered skink in southern New Zealand. The grand skink ( Oligosoma grande ) lives in small populations (approximately 20 individuals) on rock outcrops separated from one another by 50–150 m of inhospitable matrix vegetation (either native tussock grassland or exotic pasture). Skinks typically dispersed short distances, and the nature of the matrix both quantitatively and qualitatively affected dispersal dynamics. Skink populations in pasture were significantly more genetically structured and had less genetic variation than similar populations in tussock, implying less dispersal between populations in pasture than tussock. Furthermore, although female-biased dispersal was a feature of populations in tussock, no sex bias was evident in pasture. In addition, Bayesian individual-based genetic assignment tests that incorporated prior mark-recapture information revealed that some populations produced many emigrants but received few immigrants, whereas other populations were relatively insular. Patterns of dispersal and response to matrix vegetation were complex, and the causes of these patterns deserve attention in future studies of habitat fragmentation. Managing the vegetation matrix may be a practical way to connect animal populations in some situations.     

青蒿无性系中青蒿素生物合成的相关因素

通过诱导丛生芽的方法得到青蒿高产无性克隆系S1,并用S1进行了青蒿素生物合成相关因素的研究 .发现在Hoagland培养液中添加 0 .4 4mg/L浓度的ZnSO4或者 5 .72mg/L的HBO3 时 ,能有效提高青蒿素的含量 .研究表明 ,青蒿素含量和青蒿各株系间的遗传差异存在很大关系 ,RAPD分析的结果表明 ,用OPA15能够在青蒿高产株系中扩增到OPA15 10 0 0 这一特异性片段 .另外 ,对青蒿素含量和青蒿生殖生长关系的研究表明 ,青蒿素含量最高的发育时期是现蕾期 .图 7表 1参 19     

Simulation on an optimal combustion control strategy for 3-D temperature distributions in tangentially pc-fired utility boiler furnaces

The control of 3-D temperature distribution in a utility boiler fumace is essential for the safe, economic and clean operation of pc-fired fumace with multi-burner system. The development of the visualization of 3-D temperature distributions in pcfired fumaces makes it possible for a new combustion control strategy directly with the fumace temperature as its goal to improve the control quality for the combustion processes. Studied in this paper is such a new strategy that the whole fumace is divided into several parts in the vertical direction, and the average temperature and its bias from the center in every cross section can be extracted from the visualization results of the3-D temperature distributions. In the simulation stage, a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code served to calculate the 3-D temperature distributions in a furnace, then a linear model was set up to relate the features of the temperature distributions with the input of the combustion processes, such as the flow rates of fuel and air fed into the furnaces through all the bumers. The adaptive genetic algorithm was adopted to find the optimal combination of the whole input parameters which ensure to form an optimal 3-D temperature field in the fumace desired for the operation of boiler. Simulation results showed that the strategy could soon find the factors making the temperature distribution apart from the optimal state and give correct adjusting suggestions.     

三价铕对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性研究

研究了三价价态稀土元素铕对蚕豆根尖细胞遗传毒性。结果表明，Ｅｕ＾３＋能诱发蚕豆根尖细胞产生微核、染色体桥和染色体粘连等遗传损伤。有关实验数据统计结果还显示微核和染色体桥等遗传损伤指标之间以及它们与Ｅｕ＾３＋处理浓度之间均存在显的相关关系。     

Prenatal diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD): Experiences with six cases and PCR

In the course of a 2-year predictive testing programme for Huntington's disease (HD), six couples from a total of 52 applicants requested prenatal testing. In each case, the pregnancy was in the first or second trimester when the couples were referred for DNA diagnosis. In five cases, exclusion testing was offered; in one case, a person at risk with an increased risk of being a gene carrier requested prenatal diagnosis. In all cases, informative markers for prenatal testing could be determined. Whenever possible, the newer technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for D4S125 was applied to perform rapid prenatal diagnosis. Two couples withdrew before chorionic villus sampling was undertaken; prenatal diagnosis was completed in the remaining four cases. After exclusion testing, two pregnancies were determined to have an increased risk and two fetuses to have a low risk of being HD gene carriers.