昆明空气污染物等级与天气背景的关系

通过样本分析得出：昆明空气污染物主要为SO2,为轻度污染;秋冬季出现污染日较多,可分为高压脊控制型和偏西气流型天气背景。夏季出现污染日较少,主要为高压脊控制型天气背景;污染物浓度在一天中的分布特征呈“W”型;污染物预报方程。     

Recent developments of surface complexation models applied to environmental aquatic chemistry

1　ＢａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄＩｎｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ,ｖａｒｉｏｕｓｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｗｉｔｈａｄｖｅｒｓｅｉｍｐａｃｔｓ (ｅ .ｇ .,ｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙ ,ｍｕｔａｇｅｎｉｃｉｔｙａｎｄｌｅｔｈａｌｉｔｙ)ａｒｅｕｓｕａｌｌｙａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ,ｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｌｙｃｌａｙｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓ .Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｕｓｉｎ…     

四川呷村多金属矿床地球化学特征及成因

呷村矿床是一个特大型的含金、稀土富银多金属矿床.成矿地质特征与日本黑矿相似.矿床形成于中低温、较低压的环境.成矿溶液为中等盐度、低密度水热体系.铅等成矿元素主要来自岛弧火山岩,硫和锶来自深部岩浆和海水,成矿水介质以大气降水为主,为典型海底火山热液—喷气沉积成因的块状硫化物矿床.     

岳山银铅锌矿床地球化学特征

本文通过对硫同位素、铅同位素、稀土元素、微量元素的研究，总结了安徽岳山银铅锌矿床的地球化学特征，并探讨了其成因，认为该矿床为火山一次火山气液作用形成的中低温热液型银铅锌矿床。     

HISTORICAL TRENDS IN SEDIMENTATION RATES AND SEDIMENT PROVENANCE,FAIRFIELD LAKE,WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA1

Sedimentation rates and sediment provenance were examined for lacustrine sediments deposited in Fairfield Lake, western North Carolina, during the past 111 years. Stratigraphic, radionuclide, and cartographic data indicate that sedimentation rates have increased several fold during the past three decades in response to localized development. The magnitude of increased sedimentation was surprising given limited development within the basin: 0.12 to 0.68 buildings/ha in 2000 in those parts directly delivering sediment to the dated cores. Thus, the analysis illustrates the potential sensitivity of watersheds in the southern Appalachians to changes in land cover. An approach that combined geochemical fingerprinting with sediment mixing models was subsequently evaluated to determine its ability to accurately estimate the contribution of sediment from (1) major bedrock formations that underlie the watershed and (2) potential sources associated with four land cover categories. Sediment sources in both analyses proved difficult to geochemically fingerprint to greater than 90 percent accuracy using data on acid‐soluble metals and selected isotopes of lead (Pb). The relative contributions of sediment from delineated sources, estimated by the mixing models, generally corresponded with known temporal and spatial patterns of land cover. However, the models were plagued by two significant problems — the chemical alteration of sediments as they were transported through upland streams to depositional sites within the lake and the loss of elemental mass. Thus, future investigations using the fingerprinting approach in this area of intense weathering, and presumably others, will need to modify the existing methods to more accurately elucidate changes in sediment provenance related to development.     

饮用水水源地严格管理水质的对策分析——对实行严格水资源管理问题上的看法和建议

2012年1月国务院发布了《关于实行最严格水资源管理制度的意见》,这是众所关注的要事,实行了最严格水资源管理的原则精神以及确定县级以上政府负总责的规定.但对如何严格管理的技术路线和对策措施上,特针对现实中存在的主要问题提出以下3点看法和建议:①达到地面水环境质量Ⅱ类水质的饮用水水源地不一定未受污染;②保护区内企业车间排水口符合第一类污染物最高允许排放浓度规定是满足饮用水水源地要求的必要条件;③《地面水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)对第一类污染物规定的Ⅱ类水质,是否体现了水环境背景值有较大存疑.     

地球化学元素记录的沂河中游16.9~4.7 ka BP气候变化

临沂商品城剖面记录了末次冰消期至中全新世沂河中游的气候环境变化,其地球化学元素的古环境意义显著。分析表明末次冰消期至中全新世沂河中游的古气候环境经历了5个阶段:(1)16866～13630cal a B.P.气候回暖但仍以冷湿为主;(2)13630～10440cal a B.P.气候变冷变干,并记录到了YD气候事件;(3)10440～8670cal a B.P.暖湿气候显著;(4)8670～6420cal a B.P.冷暖波动仍以暖湿为主;(5)6420～4698cal a B.P.稳定的暖干气候环境。     

浙中某县Cd元素地球化学特征及生态效应

本文基于对浙中某县土壤-作物系统的调查研究,系统总结了Cd元素地球化学特征。研究发现,土壤中Cd含量呈现表层富集趋势;土壤Cd元素的赋存形态以离子交换态为主,占各形态总量比例高达39.68%,显示出该地区土壤中Cd的活性相对较强;Cd污染区在南部山区沿水系分布,在研究区北部零星分布。研究同时发现,污染主要是由于矿山开采、工业废物排放以及污水灌溉等人类活动引起,并且污染区已出现稻米样品Cd超标,应引起有关部门足够重视。     

红外系统对点源目标作用距离的优化计算

作用距离是红外系统核心性能指标之一,受大气、背景等多方面因素的影响。针对传统作用距离计算方法存在的局限,综合考虑多个影响因素,提出了一种优化计算方法,首次精确计算了作用距离与实际距离之差的大气衰减值,并对计算方法进行了验证。结果表明,优化计算方法具有较好的计算精度,可用于红外系统性能预测和整体设计。     

华南沿海某大气背景点黑碳气溶胶污染特征

黑碳气溶胶(BC)因其显著的气候效应和对人类健康的危害而成为研究的热点。研究背景点位BC的浓度水平和来源特征有助于掌握BC在区域尺度上的辐射强迫特性和环境影响。2009年秋季在华南沿海某区域大气背景点进行了为期约40 d的BC在线观测。观测期间BC的平均浓度为(2.34±1.33)μg/m3,与其它区域背景点相比处于较高水平。利用中尺度天气研究和预报系统WRF模拟的高分辨率三维气象场数据驱动HYSPLIT-4反向轨迹模式,模拟观测期间每小时的气团轨迹,将所有轨迹分为来源特征明显的东北沿海、北方内陆、香港方向和东南海面方向四类。当受到东北沿海来源气团影响时,BC的浓度为平均水平的1.4倍,BC和CO有较好的线性相关关系,而其它三类气团影响时的BC浓度都低于平均浓度,且BC和CO的相关关系很差,说明来自东北沿海地区的较近距离区域传输是影响该背景点大气BC的主要源区。