氧化石墨烯电催化高效降解有机染料RBk5

电化学高级氧化技术是处理有机染料废水的有效技术方法之一，但其应用受传统贵金属电极成本高、易毒化失活等缺陷的限制.本研究采用廉价易得的石墨粉材料，制备氧化石墨烯（GO）催化剂，用于活性黑5（RBk5）染料废水的电催化氧化降解研究.利用透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、拉曼光谱、循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱分析材料的结构特性及电化学性能.结果显示，氧化石墨烯具有较高的电子迁移速率，良好的亲水性和电催化活性.不同的RBk5浓度、外加电流、电解质、初始pH值等条件对RBk5的降解效率也有一定程度的影响.其中，电解质因素对材料性能影响最为显著.在RBk5浓度为10mg/L、外加电流为20mA、反应时间为35min、电解质为NaCl的条件下，电催化降解效率可以达到100%.     

氧化石墨烯对嗜热四膜虫的毒性效应

以嗜热四膜虫（Tetrahymena thermophila）作为受试生物,考察了纳米材料氧化石墨烯（GO）对其细胞生长率、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）和氧化应激酶活性、生物膜损伤及细胞凋亡的影响,以探究GO的毒性效应.结果表明,GO浓度高于32mg/L时显著抑制嗜热四膜虫的细胞增殖（P<0.05）,细胞存活率低于50%;在0~64mg/L实验范围内,随GO暴露浓度增加,细胞内活性氧自由基（ROS）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平呈先升后降的趋势,AchE活性受抑;GO抑制位于线粒体内膜的琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性,促进细胞质中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的释放;64mg/L GO导致四膜虫细胞出现明显凋亡现象.以上结果显示,中低浓度GO（0~8mg/L）暴露下,氧化应激机制对细胞毒性起主要贡献作用;高浓度GO（32和64mg/L）作用下,四膜虫凋亡现象的产生可能是GO抑制其生长作用导致的.     

氧化石墨烯强化厌氧氨氧化菌的脱氮性能

采用氧化石墨烯（GO）增强厌氧氨氧化菌的脱氮性能.通过批次试验观察GO对厌氧氨氧化菌的影响,结果表明：当GO浓度为0.15g/L时,厌氧氨氧化菌脱氮性能最好,总氮去除率比无GO的空白组提高18.6%;当GO剂量达到0.2g/L时,厌氧氨氧化菌活性受到抑制,总氮去除率比空白组降低了26.0%.通过对照实验研究GO对厌氧氨氧化菌脱氮性能的长期影响,结果表明：添加GO的R2反应器在每个基质浓度阶段的平均总氮去除率分别为85.3%,83.2%,81.1%,80.8%,均高于未添加GO的R1反应器.对R2反应器周期内脱氮性能进行动力学分析发现,修正的Boltzmann模型和修正的Gompertz模型比修正的Logistic模型更适合描述GO作用下周期内基质去除特性,并且通过模型得到了周期内任意t时刻下的出水总氮浓度和总氮去除率预测公式.     

化学还原氧化石墨烯修饰PbO2电极及催化降解酸性红G

为了提高Ti/PbO₂电极的稳定性与催化氧化能力,将化学还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）以共沉积的方法修饰于β-PbO₂层.通过扫描电镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）,循环伏安法（CV）,电化学交流阻抗（EIS）,产羟基自由基（·OH）能力,强化寿命等测试方法对电极性能进行表征,并以酸性红G（ARG）为目标降解物,评估PbO₂-RGO电极的催化效果.结果表明,电极经RGO改性后晶型仍为β-PbO₂,析氧过电位由1.60V升至1.83V,膜阻抗由144 Ω/cm²降至16.2 Ω/cm²,强化寿命提升了43.6%.通过ARG降解实验表明,改性后的PbO₂-RGO电极催化性能均有所提高,其中PbO₂-RGO（0.05）电极具有最优的催化能力,120min内对ARG的脱色率可达到98.5%,同时对COD的去除率可达76.89%.     

Competitive role of nitrogen functionalities of N doped GO and sensitizing effect of Bi2O3 QDs on TiO2 for water remediation

The promising solar irradiated photocatalyst by pairing of bismuth oxide quantum dots (BQDs) doped TiO₂ with nitrogen doped graphene oxide (NGO) nanocomposite (NGO/BQDs-TiO₂) was fabricated. It was used for degradation of organic pollutants like 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and stable dyes, i.e. Rhodamine B and Congo Red. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile of NGO showed reduction in oxygenic functional groups and restoring of graphitic crystal structure. The characteristic diffraction peaks of TiO₂ and its composites showed crystalline anatase TiO₂. Morphological images represent spherical shaped TiO₂ evenly covered with BQDs spread on NGO sheet. The surface linkages of $\text{NO}?\mathrm{O}?\text{Ti}$, $\mathrm{C}?\mathrm{O}?\text{Ti}$, $\mathrm{B}\mathrm{i}?\mathrm{O}?\text{Ti}$ and vibrational modes are observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman studies. BQDs and NGO modified TiO₂ results into red shifting in visible region as studied in diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). NGO and BQDs in TiO₂ are linked with defect centers which reduced the recombination of free charge carriers by quenching of photoluminescence (PL) intensities. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that no peak related to $\mathrm{C}?\mathrm{O}$ in NGO/BQDs-TiO₂ is observed. This indicated that doping of nitrogen into GO has reduced some oxygen functional groups. Nitrogen functionalities in NGO and photosensitizing effect of BQDs in ternary composite have improved photocatalytic activity against organic pollutants. Intermediate byproducts during photo degradation process of 2,4-DCP were studied through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Study of radical scavengers indicated that ${\mathrm{O}}_2^{·?}$ has significant role for degradation of 2,4-DCP. Our investigations propose that fabricated nanohybrid architecture has potential for degradation of environmental pollutions.     

功能化石墨烯对苯并[a]芘高效降解菌Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2生长的促进作用

研究石墨烯对微生物生长的影响,深入探讨石墨烯和微生物之间的相互作用,对科学评估石墨烯的生态安全性具有重要的现实意义.本文研究了两种功能化石墨烯(氧化石墨烯和磺化石墨烯)对苯并[a]芘高效降解菌Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2生长的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱及红外光谱技术深入探讨了石墨烯与菌HPD-2之间的作用机制.结果表明,两种石墨烯对菌HPD-2生长的影响与培养体系中营养水平有关,石墨烯的种类和浓度也是重要影响因素.低浓度石墨烯(0～10 mg·L~(-1))对菌HPD-2生长无影响,较高浓度石墨烯(100 mg·L~(-1))能够显著促进菌HPD-2的生长(p0.05).两种石墨烯均能促进菌HPD-2胞外聚合物的分泌.与菌HPD-2发生相互作用后,低浓度氧化石墨烯的D峰和G峰的相对强度比值(I_D/I_G)显著提高,结构无序性增加,较高浓度石墨烯与菌HPD-2发生了明显的相互作用,并在菌体表面存在一定程度的堆叠,细胞表面蛋白质、氨基酸和胞外多糖均参与了两者之间的相互作用;相比于氧化石墨烯,磺化石墨烯与菌HPD-2表面的作用较弱.研究结果有助于深入理解和科学评价石墨烯的微生物效应.     

GO/(CeO2-TiO2)改性复合膜紫外光催化去除氨氮、DOC

以二氧化铈-二氧化钛（CeO₂-TiO₂）、氧化石墨烯-二氧化铈（GO-CeO₂）、氧化石墨烯-二氧化钛（GO-TiO₂）和氧化石墨烯/二氧化钛-二氧化铈[GO/（CeO₂-TiO₂）]为改性物质,借助真空过滤法对聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）微滤膜进行改性制备复合膜,利用X射线粉末衍射仪、紫外可见漫反射、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱等手段探究了复合膜的结构和光吸收能力.选择常州太湖支浜水样作为原水,研究了复合膜在黑暗及紫外光条件下对氨氮及DOC的去除效果.结果表明,黑暗条件下,（GO-CeO₂）复合膜氨氮去除率最高可达到28.21%,GO/（CeO₂-TiO₂）复合膜DOC去除率最高达29.58%;紫外光条件下,GO、CeO₂、TiO₂间的协同作用使得GO/（CeO₂-TiO₂）复合膜氨氮（65.4%）及DOC （54.7%）去除效果最佳.     

氧化石墨烯吸附Te (IV)性能与机理的模拟实验研究

²¹⁰Po是加速器驱动次临界系统（ADS）次临界堆铅铋冷却剂和散裂靶产生的重要放射性核素.本文以同主族元素Te（IV）代替Po（IV）,首先对氧化石墨烯（GO）吸附Po（IV）的性能进行了模拟实验研究.结果显示：GO对Te（IV）的吸附率随时间增加可分为快速增加阶段、缓慢上升阶段和吸附2.5 h后的饱和阶段;GO对Te（IV）的吸附率随溶液pH值增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,当pH值为4.7时,吸附率最大;随着吸附体系GO量逐渐增加,GO对Te（IV）的吸附率先线性上升后恒定,吸附量则呈现先不变后下降的趋势.进一步的吸附机理分析结果表明：GO对Te（IV）的吸附以弱化学作用为主,且随吸附过程进行,吸附限速步骤由内扩散转变为膜扩散,吸附表面由非均质转变为均质;羧基、环氧基和CC键是GO吸附Te（IV）的主要结合位点,且结合中Te（IV）化合价不变.     

氧化石墨烯对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯藻毒性的影响

以海洋微藻青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolanidica var.tingtaoensis)为受试对象,研究了氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide,GO)与邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)单独及共同对青岛大扁藻的急性毒性效应,考察了藻细胞的生长状况,光合色素产量,细胞通透性,氧化应激指标及扫描电镜,以探讨GO的加入对DBP藻毒性的影响.结果表明,低浓度GO(0.1~10 mg·L~(-1))对青岛大扁藻的藻密度和叶绿素产量无明显影响,但藻细胞通透性随GO浓度升高显著增加(P0.05),10mg·L~(-1)时达到空白组的2.2倍.DBP对青岛大扁藻的EC50,96 h为(11.14±0.80)mg·L~(-1),其毒性远大于GO(EC50,96 h大于100mg·L~(-1)).1 mg·L~(-1)GO的加入使DBP的EC50,96 h降低到(4.93±2.14)mg·L~(-1),低浓度GO对DBP藻毒性表现出一定的增强作用.1 mg·L~(-1)的GO加入时,对低浓度DBP组(0.1~2 mg·L~(-1))的藻密度、叶绿素产量、细胞通透性水平没有显著性影响,但加剧了高浓度DBP组(4 mg·L~(-1))对藻密度、叶绿素产量的抑制,使单个藻细胞内ROS和SOD平均增加了21%和7%.扫描电镜结果发现GO对藻细胞具有覆盖,包裹及聚集作用,这些可能是DBP藻毒性增强的主要原因.该结果为揭示新型污染物碳纳米材料对海洋生物的风险提供了数据支持.     

Reduced graphene oxide-nano zero value iron (rGO-nZVI) micro-electrolysis accelerating Cr(VI) removal in aquifer

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) assembled on graphene oxide (GO) (rGO-nZVI) composites were synthesized by reduction of GO and ferrous ions with potassium borohydride, for use in Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. The results showed that the two-dimensional structure of GO could provide a skeleton support for Fe⁰, thus overcoming the bottleneck of aggregation for nZVI. Also, rGO-nZVI would form a ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis system in Cr(VI)-contaminated aquifers, enhancing and accelerating electron transfer, exhibiting high rate and capacity for Cr(VI) removal. The optimum dosage of the applied rGO-nZVI was linearly correlated with the initial Cr(VI) concentration. Characterization of rGO-nZVI before and after reaction with Cr(VI) revealed the process of Cr(VI) removal: rGO-nZVI firstly transferred electrons from Fe⁰ cores via their Fe(II)/Fe(III) shells to the GO sheet; there, negatively charged Cr(VI) received electrons and changed into positively charged Cr(III), which was adsorbed by the negatively charged GO sheet, avoiding the capping and passivating of nZVI. rGO-nZVI formed a good electrically conductive network, and thus had long-term electron releasing properties, which was important for groundwater remediation.