乡村绿色住区示范区污水就地处置回用--黄土高原干旱半干旱乡村绿色住区水资源开发利用研究

探讨了乡村绿色住区污水就地处置技术的可行性,结合西北黄土高原乡村绿色住区示范区建设,设计了黄土高原干旱半干旱乡村聚居区污水就地处置回用的工艺型式.     

Toward a green economy: The nexus between economic and environmental factors in MENA countries,ARDL bounds approach

With the transition of the global economy toward a green economy, it is important to analyze the elements that can either support or impede this transformation. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of the green economy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries by analyzing the correlation between economic and environmental factors. The objective of this study is to explore the potential of the green economy in MENA countries by analyzing key factors such as access to clean fuel, GDP, and CO₂ emissions. The study aims to distinguish between long- and short-term effects, assess the presence of a long-run relationship or co-integration between the parameter estimates, and evaluate the progress of MENA countries toward a green economy based on the impact of economic, and environmental factors. Using quarterly and seasonally adjusted data from 2000 to 2018, the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique was employed to examine the co-integration of the factors in the long and short terms. Multiple cointegration techniques were also used to determine the feasibility of a green economy by analyzing the relationship between access to clean fuel for technology and cooking, GDP, and CO₂ emissions. The study's findings indicate a clear long- and short-term relationship between the analyzed factors, as confirmed by the error correction model (ECM) which suggests that the variables are cointegrated and potentially relevant. Additionally, the result of the autoregressive distributed lag bound test shows that the green economy variables, GDP, CO₂ emissions, and access to clean fuel, are cointegrated in the long-term.     

特大城市集群绿色发展与生态足迹关联特征

本文以成渝城市群、长江中游城市群和长三角城市群为研究对象,解析不同空间尺度下绿色发展与生态足迹时空变化特征,并结合耦合协调度模型、环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）理论探究绿色发展与生态足迹的关联特征。研究表明,长江经济带城市群2000—2015年绿色发展水平逐年提升,约16.44%的城市达到较高水平,空间上呈现“东部高、西部低”的特征。人均三维生态足迹增长逐渐趋缓,成渝城市群达到峰值（5.21hm²）后逐年稳定下降。长江经济带绿色发展与生态足迹处于良好协调状态,绿色经济的快速发展带动了耦合协调度的提高。绿色发展与生态足迹存在倒“ U”形EKC曲线关系,由于自然资源基础和产业结构差异,成渝城市群（拐点出现在2008年）绿色发展与生态足迹协调关系好转早于中下游城市群（拐点分别在2019年、2012年）。四川、安徽应作为降低资源消耗的重点对象,未来应进一步加强区域中心城市的辐射带动作用,拉动周围城市提高绿色发展水平。研究成果能为区域绿色发展与生态环境协同管理提供思路与理论支持。     

COD测定方法的发展与研究动态

本文较为全面地论述了COD测定方法的发展与研究现状。在论述了国标中COD标准方法不足之处的基础上,本文就标准方法的众多改进措施分类进行了比较与探讨,包括消解方法的改进、替代催化剂的研究以及氯离子干扰的消除,然后介绍了相关系数法、电化学法、分光光度法和流动注射法等COD测定替代技术。本文认为,研究试剂用量少、无污染的绿色COD测定方法具有重要而积极的意义,而研究适应性强、运行可靠、性价比高的COD在线监测仪则是COD监测的发展趋势。     

Building a global taxonomy of wildlife offenses

Most countries have many pieces of legislation that govern biodiversity, including a range of criminal, administrative, and civil law provisions that state how wildlife must be legally used, managed, and protected. However, related debates in conservation, such as about enforcement, often overlook the details within national legislation that define which specific acts are illegal, the conditions under which laws apply, and how they are sanctioned. Based on a review of 90 wildlife laws in 8 high-biodiversity countries with different legal systems, we developed a taxonomy that describes all types of wildlife offenses in those countries. The 511 offenses are organized into a hierarchical taxonomy that scholars and practitioners can use to help conduct legal analyses. This is significant amidst competing calls to strengthen, deregulate, and reform wildlife legislation, particularly in response to fears over zoonotic threats and large-scale biodiversity loss. It can be used to provide more nuance legal analyses and facilitate like-for-like comparisons across countries, informing processes to redraft conservation laws, review deregulation efforts, close loopholes, and harmonize legislation across jurisdictions. We applied the taxonomy in a comparison of sanctions in 8 countries for hunting a protected species. We found not only huge ranges in fines (US$0 to $200,000) and imprisonment terms (1.5 years to life imprisonment), but also fundamentally different approaches to designing sanctions for wildlife offenses. The taxonomy also illustrates how future legal taxonomies can be developed for other environmental issues (e.g., invasive species, protected areas).     

Environmental Monitoring of Heavy Metals in Bulgarian Black Sea Green Algae

Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb and Cd concentration distribution in six green macroalgae species from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast were determined. The measurement of these metals was carried out during six seasons from 1996 to 2002 using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Samples were collected from eight different sites–Shabla, Kaliakra, Tuzlata, Ravda, Ahtopol and Sinemoretz. The obtained heavy metal (HM) data (mean values g/g) for all algae are: 650 ± 100 for Fe, 184 ± 15 for Mn, 5.6 ± 0.5 for Cu, 3.3 ± 0.3 for Pb and 1.1 ± 0.2 for Cd. The obtained HM contents indicate that different species demonstrate various degree of metal accumulation and the obtained higher values in the northern sector of the studied zone can be attributed to the discharge influence of the big rivers, entering the Black Sea–Danube, Dnyepr, Dnester and local pollutant emissions. All data show that there is no serious contamination in green macroalgae with heavy and toxic metals along the whole Bulgarian Black Sea coast.     

北京市六环内绿色空间滞蓄雨水径流功能的变化评估

面对日益频发的城市内涝问题,科学认识绿色空间控制雨水径流的作用具有重要意义。论文以北京市六环内区域为研究区,评估了2000-2010年绿色空间滞蓄雨水径流的功能及其变化。结果表明：2000-2010年北京城市绿色空间减少198.49 km²,主要表现为农田和荒草地面积减小,五到六环内绿色空间缩减最为严重,且最大斑块指数（LPI）和聚集度指数（AI）均减小,景观破碎化趋势明显。绿色空间夏季滞蓄雨水径流量由2000年的1.32×10⁸ m³增加到2010年的1.46×10⁸ m³,但雨水滞蓄率相应地由23.43%下降到16.89%,这与绿色空间面积减小和景观格局变化有关。此外,五到六环内绿色空间滞蓄雨水径流能力最高,滞蓄率高达22%~32%,且逐年呈降低趋势;二到三环内绿色空间滞蓄雨水能力最低,需要重点加强暴雨内涝防治。这主要与不同环路内绿色空间的面积和斑块连通性有关。因此,建议优化调整北京市六环内绿色空间的组成结构和景观格局,充分发挥其滞蓄雨水径流功能,以降低城市内涝风险。     

基于霍尔三维结构绿色建筑标准体系构建研究

为了建立科学的标准体系并能保证标准之间的协调性,通过分析标准体系层次性和复杂性的特点,引入霍尔三维结构理论,从目标、专业、时间3个维度构建覆盖绿色建筑全生命周期的标准体系。     

基于水资源耦合价值的绿色水价模型及其应用——以下辽河平原为例

为了准确体现水资源价值的差异性、动态性及其整体性,提出基于绿色核算的水资源耦合价值评价指标体系及绿色水价模型。以下辽河平原为例,引入可变模糊综合评价法,结合熵值法和层次分析法对水资源耦合价值进行评价,计算该区水资源天然价值系数、附加价值系数、经济价值系数、社会（公益）价值系数、生态价值系数及环境价值系数,据此得出绿色水价标准：城乡居民生活用水为3.54 元/m³,农村居民生活用水（暂行）为132 元/（a·人）,农工商服务业用水为6.14 元/m³,农田灌溉用水（暂行）为0.79 元/m³,行政事业用水为4.72 元/m³,园林绿化用水为7.34 元/m³,特种行业用水为12.33 元/m³。各行政分区水资源耦合价值及各单项价值的评价结果基本符合该区客观实际,绿色水价模型体现了区域水资源禀赋,反映了经济社会发展及生态环境等对水资源的需求。     

多种政策对经济-环境系统的综合作用分析

提出了一套分析多种政策手段对社会经济系统物质流和价值流变化的综合作用的理论概念,弥补了现有不足.在理论概念的基础上,构建了由7个子模块组成的具体模型框架,以反映多种政策手段共同实施对物质流和价值流变化的综合作用.以我国为案例,利用提出的模型框架评估了我国7类典型环境经济政策对我国经济增长和物质流变化的综合和单独作用,证明了综合分析的必要性.