环境铅对儿童健康的危害

本文介绍了环境铅的来源，我国儿童接触铅的情况和环境铅对儿童健康危害及其预防措施，这是国内外近年研究铅毒的成果汇集，可帮助我们对环境铅危害健康的认识，有益于保护儿童发育成长。     

烧麦秆与大气污染

本文就近３年来成都市周围烧麦杆，油菜秆所引起的大气环境污染的原因，危害加以分析，并提出对策及建议，由于成都市经济的高速发展，周围农村中不再用麦秆和油菜秆作为燃料而全部焚烧作肥料还田，同时由于３月多发生不利于大气污染物扩散的逆温现象及城市热岛效应，造成我市环境空气的严重污染，建议从立法、宣传及爱护资源等方面来改善人们的刑法陋习和加强对成都市大气环境的保护。     

栽种沙枣以改善黄河三角洲地区生态环境

胜利油田位于我国黄河三角洲地区，潜水位高，水的矿化度大。生态环境恶劣，对植物尤其对木本植物的生长不利，整个地区生长的多是抗盐碱能力强的草本植物。针对油田的特殊环境条件，综合有关资料，介绍了以沙枣为代表的植物特性，特别强调了其抗盐碱、降低土壤矿化度和潜水位、增加土壤有机质和引起植被变化的特性。指出黄河三角洲也有些土质较好的、适于作物和木本植物生长的地区，改良盐碱地可以以这些地区为基点，放射性地向外逐步试验沙枣的种植，以探索改善生态环境的途径。努力做到边发展经济，边改善环境，达到经济效益、社会效益和环境效益三统一。     

应用大鼠全胚胎培养方法探讨偏钒酸铵的致畸作用及其机理

本文通过ＮＨ４ＶＯ３体外大鼠全胚胎培养致畸实验研究，发现ＮＨ４ＶＯ３对大鼠胚胎具有直接胚胎毒性和致畸性，且具有显的剂量一反应和时间一效应关系，其作用机理可能与卵黄囊的功能受到钒化物的损害有关。     

Modeling human-induced climatic change: A summary for environmental managers

The rapid increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases has caused concern because of their potential to alter the earth's radiation budget and disrupt current climate patterns While there are many uncertainties associated with use of general circulation models (GCMs), GCMs are currently the best available technology to project changes in climate associated with elevated gas concentrations. Results indicate increases in global temperature and changes in global precipitation patterns are likely as a result of doubled CO₂. GCMs are not reliable for use at the regional scale because local scale processes and geography are not taken into account. Comparison of results from five GCMs in three regions of the United States indicate high variability across regions and among models depending on season and climate variable. Statistical methods of scaling model output and nesting finer resolution models in global models are two techniques that may improve projections. Despite the many limitations in GCMs, they are useful tools to explore climate-earth system dynamics when used in conjunction with water resource and ecosystem models. A variety of water resource models showed significant alteration of regional hydrology when run with both GCM-generated and hypothetical climate scenarios, regardless of region or model complexity. Similarly, ecological models demonstrate the sensitivity of ecosystem production, nutrient dynamics, and distribution to changes in climate and CO₂ levels. We recommend the use of GCM-based scenarios in conjunction with water resource and ecosystem models to guide environmental management and policy in a “no-regrets” framework or as part of a precautionary approach to natural resource protection.     

气田开发对环境的影响

气田开采会对地层造成破坏，引起地面下沉甚至诱发地震灾害；钻井液会对土壤、农作物、地下水造成危害；井下作业废液会对周围环境造成污染；气田水会对农作物、水生生物、地下水、人体健康造成危害；含硫的天然气净化过程排出的二氧化硫对树木、人体健康造成危害，并形成酸雨，对环境造成更大的危害。本文以四川气田及国外油气田为实例对上述危害逐一论述，这些对油气田环境保护工作者有一定的借鉴作用。     

深圳市汽车排气污染的管制与防治

深圳地狭人多,特区人口密度高达7310人/平方公里,是中国人口密度最大的城市之一。随着社会经济的高速发展,汽车拥有量的急剧增加,汽车排气污染已成为深圳市最主要的大气污染问题。文章分析了深圳市汽车排气污染的状况及其对城市空气质量的影响,简要介绍了近年来深圳市在控制汽车排气污染方面所做的工作。     

城市富营养化水域的生物治理和凤眼莲抑制藻类生长的机理

应用凤眼莲生态系统治理了上海市区一条富营养化河浜,使水质改善,由于藻类生长受到控制而水变澄清。凤眼莲抑制藻类生长的作用机制除了对光和矿质营养的竞争外,主要是由于凤眼莲根系向水体分泌化合物,能伤害和清除藻类(剋制作用Allelopaihic effect)。根圈栖生的一种软体动物——水蜗牛,以藻类为食,也是凤眼莲生态系统清除藻类的一个因素。     

The contribution of the paper cycle to global warming

Worldwide, paper production is a major industry that contributes about 3 percent of Gross World Product. The paper cycle involves a broad range of natural resource and environmental impacts because fiber supply relies on trees, paper manufacturing requires fuel inputs, and paper waste disposal can contribute to emissions of the potent greenhouse gas (GHG), methane (CH₄). In some countries, the paper cycle may be seen as a net sink for GHG because of reliance on renewable wood by-products and the maintenance of forest plantations. On a worldwide basis, however, this study demonstrates that the paper cycle is a significant contributor to GHG emissions, adding emissions at least comparable in magnitude to that of Australia each year. The estimated global warming contribution of paper in landfills is estimated to be similar to that of paper manufacturing processes, on a heating-equivalent basis. In some temperate regions, original old-growth forests are still harvested to supply pulpwood, resulting in a significant loss of carbon (C) storage. In theory, the paper cycle holds the promise of achieving zero net emissions if pulpwood production, consumption and disposal are carefully managed. In practice, even stabilization of emissions at current levels would be challenging and entail changes comparable to a 20 percent reduction in CH₄ generation from landfilled paper, and a 2.5 percent annual increase in plantation establishment would be needed to offset the projected increase in emissions from paper manufacturing.