V系列转基因银中杨(Salix alba var Tristis)与非转基因组长势差异的初步分析

经对鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗树林召镇的转基因试验林中的v系列转基因银中杨与非转基因对照组的生长性状的对比研究证明:该转基因系列具有较强的环境适应性,生长状况明显优于非转基因杨树。     

铅镉胁迫下接种根际细菌和真菌对圆叶无心菜生长和铅镉累积的影响

铅镉胁迫条件下,采用盆栽试验．研究接种云南会泽铅锌矿区Cd超累积植物-圆叶无心菜的根际细菌和真菌,对圆叶无心菜的生长和铅镉累积的影响,结果表明：2株根际真菌（YQ2F-5和YG2F-6）显著增加盆栽圆叶无心菜地上部分的生长,1株根际真菌（YQ2F-5）显著增加盆栽圆叶无心菜的生物量。根际细菌对盆栽圆叶无心莱的生长和生物量没有影响。接种根际细菌和真菌对盆栽圆叶无心菜Pb和Cd的吸收累积没有影响。     

菱形藻在污水中的生长及其净化能力

研究了菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)在不同浓度污水中的生长及其对不同形态氮磷的去除情况。结果表明:(1)菱形藻在不同浓度污水中均可以生长,但比生长速率存在显著差异,其中在50%、80%污水环境与基础培养(f/2)环境中生长较快,比生长速率为5.9～8.5,不存在差异;(2)不同浓度污水培养菱形藻后N、P养分均有一定的去除,总磷(TP)和NO3-N利用率均在60%以上,NO2-N、总氮(TN)、NH4-N的利用率分别在40%、70%、90%以上,表明菱形藻有较强的净化水源的能力;(3)污水培养后菱形藻的营养成分含量均高于纯海水培养的,其中80%污水环境下藻细胞叶绿素、胞外多糖(EPS)、胞内多糖(IPS)、蛋白质和总脂肪含量最高,分别占干重的3.5%、2%、4%、1.5%和14.5%。     

New policies to deal with climate change and other drivers impacting on resilience to flooding in urban areas: the CORFU approach

In the context of urban flood management, resilience is equal to resisting, recovering, reflecting and responding. The variety of causes of flooding and their consequences underpin the need for increased and internationally coordinated efforts to enhance technologies and policies for dealing with floods. This paper addresses this issue and presents some novel research ideas related to resilience to flooding in urban areas, which are under development within the EU FP7 project ‘Collaborative research on flood resilience in urban areas’ (CORFU). The approach adopted in this project aims to quantify the cost-effectiveness of resilience measures and integrative and adaptable flood management plans for different scenarios of relevant drivers: urban development, socio-economic trends and climate changes. It is believed that the way in which the different models are being put together, combined with the variability of conditions in case study areas in Asia and in Europe, will ultimately enable more scientifically sound policies for the management of the consequences of urban flooding.     

微生物在土壤中迁移物化参数的确定

以甲基叔丁基醚高效降解菌Chryseobacterium sp.A-3为研究对象,对污染场地生物修复中微生物在土壤中迁移的重要相关物化参数做了详细的描述和实验研究,包括土壤物性参数以及微生物在土壤中的吸附等温参数、吸附动力学、有效扩散系数和生长项系数.结果表明,微生物在土壤中的吸附等温线可与Freundlich方程很好地拟合,相关性达到99.5%,指数常数为1.1,该指数常数在统计上与1差别不大,因此可以用线性方程来描述平衡吸附过程.实验测得该菌在砂质壤土中的平衡吸附系数为0.98 mL/g.滞膜理论能够预测土壤中微生物的动力学吸附行为,同时也说明吸附过程是可逆的,得到土壤中微生物吸附的动力学参数,即可逆吸附常数为0.004 s-1,可逆解吸常数为0.002 s-1.膜池理论与分形理论分析得到微生物在土壤中的扩散系数为3.66×10-6 cm2/s,有效扩散系数为5.18×10-7cm2/s.通过对微生物降解甲基叔丁基醚过程进行拟合得到微生物的最大比增长速率为0.01 h-1,基质半饱和常数为134 mg/L以及细胞得率为0.33.本研究所提出的微生物在土壤中物化参数的确定方法可普遍应用于实验室和现场的微生物...     

无机碳源对Chlorella sp. TCCC45058生长的影响

自然界中无机碳主要以CO2、HCO3-、CO32-三种形式存在,不同形式的无机碳源对微藻生长影响显著。实验结果显示,Chlorella sp.TCCC45058难以利用CO32-,却能够以CO2、HCO3-作为碳源,其最适浓度分别为12.83 mmol/L和16.51 mmol/L,实验中最高生物量达到0.95 g/L。CO32-浓度过高会显著抑制该藻的光合作用速率,而适当提高HCO3-浓度会使光合作用速率得到一定程度的提高,以CO2作碳源时该藻的光合作用速率最高,而且该速率不会因CO2浓度改变而发生明显变化。以CO32-为碳源时细胞叶绿素a含量很低,仅为9 mg/g;当HCO3-、CO2作碳源时无论浓度如何变化,细胞叶绿素a含量均无明显差异,约为14~17 mg/g。     

基于水动力学的中小水库藻类生长模型及蓝藻暴发的模拟

应用PHREEQC软件建立了基于水动力学作用的温岭市太湖水库藻类生长模型。选用2007年度温岭市太湖水库总磷、总氮、水温、叶绿素a的实测值,采用三次样条插值的方法估计出每一天的总磷、总氮、水温、叶绿素a的数值,对模型参数进行了率定和验证。将建立的模型应用于2009年温岭市桐岭水库水华暴发的模拟预测中,结果表明本文所建立的模型进行模拟运算精度较高,可以应用于中小型水库水华暴发的模拟预测方面。     

高效低温聚磷菌的筛选及特性研究

通过人工模拟自然降温的方式,从A2/O反应器驯化污泥中筛选到低温条件下聚磷效果较好的三株功能菌株P1、P2、P3,经试验得到一种分离聚磷菌效果较好的方法 -稀释混合平板法;分析研究三株菌的聚磷效果、生化特性,测定三株菌的多维生长曲线,研究了温度、pH、微量元素对这三株菌的生长量及除磷率的影响,结果表明,三株菌的生长最适温度均为15℃,适宜的生长和除磷pH为中性偏碱。最后用分子生物学的方法对三株菌进行鉴定,三株菌均属于不动杆菌属的约氏不动杆菌(A cinetobacter Johnson ii)。     

低分子有机酸强化植物修复重金属污染土壤的作用与机制

植物修复是利用植物的物理、化学作用去除污染土壤中重金属的技术方法,可以减少二次污染物的产生,具有经济可行性.低分子有机酸（LMWOAs）具有生物降解性和环境友好性,在重金属污染土壤植物修复中具有较强的应用潜力.综述了LMWOAs在植物修复中的作用机制,主要包括：①调控根茎叶发育,增加植物生物量,强化植物富集效果;②增强光合作用,提升植物抗性,提高对重金属的耐受能力;③改变根际土壤性质,提高根际微生物活性,促进对重金属的吸收;④改变重金属形态,减轻重金属毒性,提高转运效率.最后阐述了LMWOAs强化植物修复重金属污染土壤的优缺点及应用,提出了LMWOAs在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的研究方向,这对LMWOAs在未来植物修复中的研究和应用具有科学意义.     

Transcending capitalism growth strategies for biodiversity conservation

The unlimited economic growth that fuels capitalism's metabolism has profoundly transformed a large portion of Earth. The resulting environmental destruction has led to an unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss. Following large-scale losses of habitats and species, it was recognized that biodiversity is crucial to maintaining functional ecosystems. We sought to continue the debate on the contradictions between economic growth and biodiversity in the conservation science literature and thus invite scholars to engage in reversing the biodiversity crisis through acknowledging the impacts of economic growth. In the 1970s, a global agenda was set to develop different milestones related to sustainable development, including green–blue economic growth, which despite not specifically addressing biodiversity reinforced the idea that economic development based on profit is compatible with the planet's ecology. Only after biodiversity loss captured the attention of environmental sciences researchers in the early 2000s was a global biodiversity agenda implemented. The agenda highlights biodiversity conservation as a major international challenge and recognizes that the main drivers of biodiversity loss derive from economic activities. The post-2000 biodiversity agendas, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the post-2020 Convention on Biological Diversity Global Strategy Framework, do not consider the negative impacts of growth-oriented strategies on biodiversity. As a result, global biodiversity conservation priorities are governed by the economic value of biodiversity and its assumed contribution to people's welfare. A large body of empirical evidence shows that unlimited economic growth is the main driver of biodiversity loss in the Anthropocene; thus, we strongly argue for sustainable degrowth and a fundamental shift in societal values. An equitable downscaling of the physical economy can improve ecological conditions, thus reducing biodiversity loss and consequently enhancing human well-being.