青蒿毛状根分支生长的动力学模型

近年来，用m质粒转化药用植物诱导毛状根生产有用代谢产物的研究日益增多，转化产生的毛状根不仅生长迅速，分支多，而且遗传性和生理、生化特性稳定，具有较强的次生代谢合成能力，因此可望应用于大规模生产有用的次级代谢产物［‘－’］．青蒿毛状根可产生大量的次生代谢产物     

大熊猫人工育幼研究

１９９４年，成都大熊猫繁育研究基地的雌性大熊猫“成成”产下１胎２仔，因母兽病及奶头特大，１仔人工喂养，另１仔由母兽喂养，母兽喂养的１仔仅存活了５７ｈ０３ｍｉｎ人工喂养的１仔存活至今已达２ａ有余，１９９５年，雌性大熊猫“冰冰”又产１胎２仔，其中１仔照１９９４年的方法人工喂养，幼仔生长发育正常，活泼健壮，母兽喂养的仔仅存活了２５ｈ，本文对人工喂养大熊猫初生幼幼存活的饲喂方法，以及幼仔的生长发育规律等进     

镧对微囊藻的生长效应及被富集的动力学研究

研究了稀土元素La3 对微囊藻生长效应及其被微囊藻富集的动力学过程 .结果表明 :当La3 的添加浓度小于 2mg·l- 1 时 ,对微囊藻的生长有促进作用 ,当La3 的添加浓度大于 2mg·l- 1 时 ,微囊藻的生长受到抑制 .La3 在微囊藻中富集的动力学过程可用表面配位模型表征     

气候因子对混播草地不同种群生长及其个体消长的影响

采用数理统计方法 ,研究了混播草地中黑麦草 (Lolium perenne)、白三叶 (Trifoliumrepens)和白苞蒿(Artemisialactiflora)的生长特征及其个体消长特点 ,分析了主要气候因子 (温度、降水和日照 )对其构件生长的影响 .温度对黑麦草分蘖的负效应显著 (P〈0 .0 1) ;温度和降水与黑麦草叶片、白三叶匍匐茎和白苞蒿侧枝生长存在显著 (P〈0 .0 1)或弱显著 (P〈0 .1)正相关 ;日照对 3种植物的生长有不同程度抑制作用 .温度和日照对植物生长的互作效应大于温度和降水的互作效应 .黑麦草分蘖数与白三叶分枝数相互消长 ,而黑麦草叶片与白三叶匍匐茎生长具相互促进作用 ;白苞蒿侧枝和白三叶匍匐茎生长相互促进 ,其生长点数则由相互促进向相互抑制转化 ;黑麦草与白苞蒿种群生长具正效应作用 .黑麦草叶片、白三叶匍匐茎和白苞蒿侧枝生长具明显季节动态性 ,而黑麦草分蘖、白三叶分枝和白苞蒿侧芽数季节性变化不明显 .黑麦草分蘖和白苞蒿侧芽具夏秋发生优势 ,而黑麦草叶片生长具春末潜势 ,白苞蒿侧枝具旺盛期 (6～ 9月 )生长优势 .图 1表 3参 2 7     

高效代谢解偶联剂的筛选及对SBR系统综合运行效能的影响

活性污泥法是最常用的污水处理技术,但它同时会产生大量的剩余污泥,需要进行额外的处理和处置.活性污泥的解偶联代谢能有效地减少剩余污泥的产量.比较了5种代谢解偶联剂,即2,4-二硝基苯酚(DNP)、邻氨基苯酚(AP)、2,4,6-三氯苯酚(TCP)、3,3',4,5-四氯水杨酰苯胺(TCS)、丙二酸的污泥减量效果和对COD去除能力的影响.结果表明,当它们在各自的最佳质量浓度20、1 5、4、1.2、15 mg/L时,污泥的表观增长系数分别降低了62.39%、63.75%、59.40%、34.58%和53.75%,而COD去除率仅有轻微下降.重点研究了15 mg/L的丙二酸和4 mg/L的TCP对SBR系统运行效能和污泥沉降性能的影响.发现在长期运行过程中,两者都能有效降低系统的污泥产量,而对COD去除率的影响较低,但使用丙二酸6 d后极大地影响了污泥的沉降性能,而TCP对污泥的沉降性能影响很小.     

Derivation of predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol based on Chinese resident species

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a common chemical intermediate and a by-product of water chlorination and combustion processes, and is a priority pollutant of the aquatic environment in many countries. Although information on the toxicity of 2,4,6-TCP is available, there is a lack of information on the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 2,4,6-TCP, mainly due to the shortage of chronic and site-specific toxicity data. In the present study, acute and sub-chronic toxicity of 2,4,6-TCP on six different resident Chinese aquatic species were determined. PNEC values were calculated and compared by use of two approaches: assessment factor (AF) and species sensitivity distribution (SSD). Values for acute toxicity ranged from 1.1 mg L⁻¹ (Plagiognathops microlepis) to 42 mg L⁻¹ (Corbicula fluminea) and the sub-chronic no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) ranged from 0.05 mg L⁻¹ (Mylopharyngodon piceus) to 2.0 mg L⁻¹ (C. fluminea). PNECs obtained by the assessment factor approach with acute (AF = 1000, 0.001 mg L⁻¹) or chronic (AF = 10, 0.005 mg L⁻¹) toxicity data were one order of magnitude less than those from SSD methods (0.057 mg L⁻¹). PNEC values calculated using SSD methods with a 50% certainty for 2,4,6-TCP was less than those obtained by use of the USEPA recommend final chronic value (FCV) method (0.097 mg L⁻¹) and the one obtained by use of the USEPA recommend acute-to-chronic (ACR) methods (0.073 mg L⁻¹). PNECs derived using AF methods were more protective and conservative than that derived using SSD methods.     

东北地区春旱对春玉米幼苗长势的影响指标和模式

春旱对春玉米幼苗长势影响田间试验分3个播种期(温度处理)和4个土壤水分胁迫处理。结果表明,在东北中部玉米主产区,玉米幼苗长势好坏主要取决于水分。玉米幼苗长势(叶龄、生物量和株高)与春季土壤湿度和土壤累积有效水量的关系模式均为二次函数。干旱胁迫降低玉米苗期生叶速度和植株高度,减轻生物量,严重抑制幼苗营养生长。玉米春旱的指标是:W在18%～19%之间,或H在45～54mm之间为轻旱;17%～18%或40～45mm为中旱;17%以下或少于40mm为严重干旱。     

Effects of elevated ozone on growth and yield of field-grown rice in Yangtze River Delta, China

With rapid industrialization and urbanization in the Yangtze Delta, China, the tropospheric ozone concentration has increased to levels that induce crop yield loss. Rice, a widely grown crop in China, was investigated in field-established, open-top chambers. Four treatments were used： charcoal-filtered air （CF）, non-charcoal-filtered air （NF）, and charcoal-filtered air with two levels of additional ozone （O3-1 and O3-2）. The AOT40s （accumulated hourly mean ozone concentration above 40 ppbv） were 0, 0.91, 23.24, and 39.28 ppmv.h for treatment of CE NF, O3-1, and O3-2, respectively. The rice height and biomass were reduced in the elevated ozone concentration. Less organic matter partitioning to roots under the elevated ozone significantly decreased rice root activity. The yield loss was 14.3% and 20.2% under O3-1 and O3-2 exposure, respectively. This was largely caused by a reduction in grain weight per panicle.     

Effects of vegetable oil residue after soil extraction on physical-chemical properties of sandy soil and plant growth

Vegetable oil has the ability to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from contaminated sandy soil for a remediation purpose,with some of the oil remaining in the soil.Although most of the PAHs were removed,the risk of residue oil in the soil was not known.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the vegetable oil residue on higher plant growth and sandy soil properties after soil extraction for a better understanding of the soil remediation.Addition of sunflower oil and column ex...     

废钢消费首现负增长的思考

2012年中国炼钢用废钢量10年首现负增长.介绍了我国废钢消费现状,分析了导致废钢消费出现负增长的原因,并在此基础上提出了促进废钢消费的政策建议.