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101.
Gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs in a satellite town in Eastern China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Meng-xia Xu Jian-hua Yan Sheng-yong Lu Xiao-dong Li Tong Chen Ming-jiang Ni Hui-fen Dai Fei Wang Ke-fa Cen 《Chemosphere》2009,76(11):1540-1549
Gas/particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in ambient air was investigated in a satellite town in Eastern China from April 2007 to January 2008 comprehending large temperature variations (from 3 to 34 °C, daily average). Molecular weight, molecular structure and ambient temperatures are the three major factors that govern the gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs throughout the year. Generally, good agreements were obtained (except for winter) between measured particulate fractions and theoretical estimates of both the Junge–Pankow adsorption model and Harner Bidleman absorption model using different sets of subcooled liquid vapor pressure and octanol–air partition coefficient (Koa), respectively. Models utilizing estimates, derived from gas chromatographic retention indices (GC-RIs), are more accurate than that of entropy-based. Moreover, during winter, the Koa-based model using the GC-RIs approach performs better on lower chlorinated PCDD/Fs than that of -based. Furthermore, possible sources of mismatch between measured and predicted values in winter (3–7 °C) were discussed. Gas adsorption artifact was demonstrated to be of minor importance for the phenomena observed. On the other hand, large deviations of slopes (mr) and intercepts (br) in logKp vs. plots from theoretical values are observed in the literature data and these are found to be linearly correlated with ambient temperatures (P<0.001) in this study. This indicates that the non-equilibrium partitioning of PCDD/Fs in winter may be significantly influenced by the colder temperatures that may have slowed down the exchange between gaseous and particulate fractions. 相似文献
102.
Da Chen Bixian Mai Jie Song Eddy Y. Zeng 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(7):2023-2029
Little data are available on organochlorine contamination in Chinese terrestrial birds of prey. This study examined the presence of PCBs, DDTs and other organochlorine pesticides in various raptors from northern China. DDE exhibited the highest concentrations among targeted compounds. Greatest levels (23.5-1020 mg/kg lipid weight) were observed in Eurasian sparrowhawks. This may be due to their stopover in southeastern China, where high DDT and dicofol applications have been documented. Residential kestrels exhibited much lower DDE, but similar PCB and HCH concentrations. ΣTEQs and PCB-126/-77 concentration ratios exhibited significant positive correlations with ΣPCB concentrations, respectively. Similar results were also demonstrated by a meta-analysis of previously published data across avian species. Possible hepatic sequestration of coplanar PCB-77, -126, -169 and -118 was observed as liver TEQs increased in Eurasian sparrowhawks. These observations may indicate an induction of CYP1A enzymes, as a result of elevated contamination in some species. 相似文献
103.
104.
地表水COD浓度灰色预测的GPPM(1)模型 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据地表水中COD浓度的时序数据,建立了GPPM(1)预测模型,结果表明GPPM(1)模型的预测精度优于常规灰色GM(1,1)模型,它为环境系统的拟合,预测和决策提供了新的方法途径。 相似文献
105.
106.
A species of bacteria that is capable of utilizing imazaquin as the sole carbon source was isolated from soil with repeated imazaquin applications, and was identified as Arthrobacter crystallopoietes (designated as strain “WWX-1”). This isolate degrades imazaquin as high as 200 μg ml−1, and the estimated dissipation half-lives increased from 1.51 d for the treatment at 50 μg ml−1 to 4.75 d for 200 μg ml−1. Optimal growth of WWX-1 in mineral salt medium with 50 μg ml−1 imazaquin was obtained at 35 °C and a pH of 5.0. Growth of WWX-1 was also observed in mineral salt medium with the addition of other imidazolinone herbicides such as imazethapyr and imazapyr, but not with different classes of herbicides such as metsulfuron-methyl. Two imazaquin metabolites were detected, and spectral analysis with HPLC–MS, 1H NMR, and IR revealed one metabolite with a molecular weight (MW) of 199 as quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride. We propose that A. crystallopoietes (WWX-1) could serve as an efficient biodegradation system for remediation of water and soils that are heavily contaminated with imazaquin or other structurally similar chemicals. 相似文献
107.
Transport of simazine in unsaturated sandy soil and predictions of its leaching under hypothetical field conditions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Suárez F Bachmann J Muñoz JF Ortiz C Tyler SW Alister C Kogan M 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2007,94(3-4):166-177
The potential contamination of groundwater by herbicides is often controlled by processes in the vadose zone, through which herbicides travel before entering groundwater. In the vadose zone, both physical and chemical processes affect the fate and transport of herbicides, therefore it is important to represent these processes by mathematical models to predict contaminant movement. To simulate the movement of simazine, a herbicide commonly used in Chilean vineyards, batch and miscible displacement column experiments were performed on a disturbed sandy soil to quantify the primary parameters and processes of simazine transport. Chloride (Cl(-)) was used as a non-reactive tracer, and simazine as the reactive tracer. The Hydrus-1D model was used to estimate the parameters by inversion from the breakthrough curves of the columns and to evaluate the potential groundwater contamination in a sandy soil from the Casablanca Valley, Chile. The two-site, chemical non-equilibrium model was observed to best represent the experimental results of the miscible displacement experiments in laboratory soil columns. Predictions of transport under hypothetical field conditions using the same soil from the column experiments were made for 40 years by applying herbicide during the first 20 years, and then halting the application and considering different rates of groundwater recharge. For recharge rates smaller than 84 mm year(-1), the predicted concentration of simazine at a depth of 1 m is below the U.S. EPA's maximum contaminant levels (4 microg L(-1)). After eight years of application at a groundwater recharge rate of 180 mm year(-1) (approximately 50% of the annual rainfall), simazine was found to reach the groundwater (located at 1 m depth) at a higher concentration (more than 40 microg L(-1)) than the existing guidelines in the USA and Europe. 相似文献
108.
基于混沌、灰色理论模型,预测煤矿生产中安全状况的对比分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
建立煤矿安全生产状况预测的非线性回归模型、混沌动力学模型、灰色模型和灰色残差模型,用4种模型对我国百万吨煤矿死亡率进行预测分析,其结果表明:混沌动力学预测模型和非线性回归模型使用参数较少、计算简单,易于推广,但预测精度尚不高,误差较大;使用灰色残差模型进行预测,虽然计算复杂,但预测精度较高,验证2007年度百万吨死亡率相对误差仅为0.96%,煤炭生产的安全性指标百万吨死亡率宜采用残差模型进行预测。笔者认为,灰色残差模型在对煤矿安全生产的宏观管理领域有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
109.
The photocatalytic degradation of a dye derivative, C.I. disperse blue 1 (1), has been investigated under UV light irradiation in the presence of TiO2 and H2O2 under a variety of conditions. The degradation was studied by monitoring the change in substrate concentration employing UV spectroscopic technique as a function of irradiation time. The degradation was studied under different conditions such as different types of TiO2, reaction pH, catalyst and substrate concentration containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), besides molecular oxygen in the presence of TiO2. The degradation of dye was also investigated under sunlight and the efficiency of degradation was compared with that of the artificial light source. The degradation rates were found to be strongly influenced by all the above parameters. The photocatalyst Degussa P25 was found to be more efficient for the degradation of the dye. 相似文献
110.