卧龙野生大熊猫种群监测期间的生境动态分析

综述和分析了卧龙自然保护区野生大熊猫的生境结构与动态特征及大熊猫的适应性 ,冷箭竹的不同竹林阶段 ,其种群密度、生物产量、生长习性和竹丛盖度截然不同 ,从而导致乔木树种的更新 ,数量的涨落 ,草本地被层植物组分的增减 ,以及大熊猫觅食行为的改变。     

中国城市NOx排放的时空特征与驱动因素:基于空间分异视角

空气质量的改善是当前中国社会经济转型及实现绿色可持续发展的重要目标之一.基于中国268个城市2007-2016年的氮氧化物（Nitrogen Oxide Emissions，NO_x）排放量数据，首先利用自然正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function，EOF）分析了268个城市NO_x排放的时空演变特征，然后采用一种新的空间分异性分析方法"地理探测器"从空间异质性视角探讨了NO_x排放的社会经济驱动因素.结果表明：①EOF第一模态特征向量的高值出现在京津冀地区、山东半岛的淄博、潍坊、济宁和临沂，以及长三角的上海、无锡、南京、苏州和杭州；低值则集中在西南的云贵地区、东南的广东、福建及西北的宁夏.②年尺度上NO_x排放的时间系数变化大致呈现先降后升再降的非线性波动.③因子探测分析结果显示，民用汽车总量对NO_x排放分布的影响最大，其次是城市人口和工业总产值.不同风险因子的交互作用均大于单因子的作用，其中，城市人口与人均GDP因子之间的交互作用强度最大，工业总产值与民用汽车总量的交互作用强度次之，人均GDP与城市建设用地面积的交互作用强度排第3.④风险区探测结果显示，社会经济驱动因子中的城市人口、人均GDP、工业总产值、城市建设用地面积、全社会用电量和民用汽车总量均与NO_x排放呈正相关.京津冀、山东半岛和长三角等发达城市为NO_x排放的高风险区，是社会经济驱动因素的多个风险因子共同作用的结果.     

Prenatal diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease using flanking DNA markers and the polymerase chain reaction

A prenatal diagnosis was carried out on a 9-week-old fetus at risk for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Ten members of the family were previously typed using five DNA markers linked to the PKD1 locus on chromosome 16, and one marker linked to the putative PKD2 locus on chromosome 2. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the D16S125 locus. Pairwise and multipoint lod scores indicated that the family was most likely segregating a PKD1 mutation. The fetus inherited the disease haplotype from the affected parent. Diagnostic accuracy was greater than 99 per cent, taking into account the possibility of genetic heterogeneity.     

Scale correlation between vegetation and soil in larch forest, NE China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＶｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｓｐｅｃｔｎｅｅｄｔｏｂｅａｄｄｒｅｓｓｅｄａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｆｏｒａｌｏｎｇｔｉｍｅｉｎｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｅｃｏｌｏｇｙ (Ｇａｕｃｈ ,1982 ) .Ａｗｅｌｌｋｎｏｗｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆｒａｍｅｗｏｒｋｆｏｒｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｉｓｔｈｅ ｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ (Ｗｈｉｔｔａｋｅｒ,1978;Ｐｉｅｌｏｕ ,1985) ,ｉｎ…     

Landscape ecological analysis of urban vegetation in Guangzhou, China

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｅｃｏｌｏｇｙｉｓａｎｉｎｔｅｒｄｉｓｃｉｐｌｉｎａｒｙｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｗｉｔｈｓｐａｃｅ．Ｉｔｄｅａｌｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｓｐａｔｉａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔ...     

粤港澳大湾区红树林湿地鸟类生态健康评价——以深圳湾为例

基于层次分析法构建了红树林湿地鸟类生态健康评价指标体系,并以深圳湾福田红树林湿地为例评价了粤港澳大湾区红树林湿地鸟类生态健康.结果表明：红树林湿地鸟类生态健康评价功能层指标的权重为：栖息地适宜性指数（0.443） > 栖息地重要性指数 （0.283） > 栖息地环境风险指数（0.181） > 鸟类群落健康指数（0.094）;9个鸟类生态健康指标的权重和赋值分别为鸟类多样性（0.094,4）、栖息地重要性（0.283,3）、土地退化（0.147,3）、噪声（0.074,1）、光污染（0.074,4）、建筑物影响（0.148,2）、重金属污染（0.089,5）、有机污染暴露（0.056,2）和生物入侵（0.035,4）;深圳湾福田红树林湿地鸟类生态健康综合指数为3,处于“亚健康”状态,即当前栖息地适宜性下降,存在一定的环境风险.结合深圳湾的生态现状,建议建立鸟类动态监测网络,促进科学高效的鸟类保护决策的形成,加强城市噪音管制,降低人为活动的直接影响,提升红树林湿地鸟类生境适宜性;同时,加强环境监测力度,严控污染物排放,降低环境风险,整体提升红树林湿地鸟类生态健康水平.     

基于潜在分类模型的湿地生态系统服务公众生态偏好异质性研究

在生态系统服务价值评估研究中,把握公众的生态偏好是当前研究的重要内容。论文以三江平原湿地为研究对象,应用选择实验法获取公众的生态偏好和支付意愿,构建潜在分类模型,探究公众对湿地各项生态系统服务的偏好异质性。研究结果显示：公众对各项湿地生态系统服务存在显著的偏好异质性,资源偏好型的受访者所占比例最大（68.78%）,景观偏好型的受访者对自然景观的支付意愿显著较高,而价格敏感型受访者的支付意愿明显低于其他两类。分析各潜在类别可知,公众的社会经济特征及环境意识对其偏好具有显著影响。教育水平越高的受访者越偏好于资源保护,高收入和到景区旅游次数多的受访者更偏好于景观保护,而价格敏感型受访者的环境意识相对较低。研究不仅为湿地生态系统服务偏好异质性的研究提供新途径,也为相关环境政策的制定提供参考。     

INFLUENCES OF WATERSHED URBANIZATION AND INSTREAM HABITAT ON MACROINVERTEBRATES IN COLD WATER STREAMS1

ABSTRACT: We analyzed data from riffle and snag habitats for 39 small cold water streams with different levels of watershed urbanization in Wisconsin and Minnesota to evaluate the influences of urban land use and instream habitat on macroinvertebrate communities. Multivariate analysis indicated that stream temperature and amount of urban land use in the watersheds were the most influential factors determining macroinvertebrate assemblages. The amount of watershed urbanization was nonlinearly and negatively correlated with percentages of Ephemeroptera‐Plecoptera‐Trichoptera (EPT) abundance, EPT taxa, filterers, and scrapers and positively correlated with Hilsenhoff biotic index. High quality macroinvertebrate index values were possible if effective imperviousness was less than 7 percent of the watershed area. Beyond this level of imperviousness, index values tended to be consistently poor. Land uses in the riparian area were equal or more influential relative to land use elsewhere in the watershed, although riparian area consisted of only a small portion of the entire watershed area. Our study implies that it is extremely important to restrict watershed impervious land use and protect stream riparian areas for reducing human degradation on stream quality in low level urbanizing watersheds. Stream temperature may be one of the major factors through which human activities degrade cold‐water streams, and management efforts that can maintain a natural thermal regime will help preserve stream quality.     

Endemic pollinator response to organic vs. conventional farming and landscape context in the Cape Floristic Region biodiversity hotspot

The effects of organic management and landscape context on two highly endemic and important pollinator taxa (bees and monkey beetles) were studied in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) biodiversity hotspot, where a quarter of the land is intensively managed mostly for grape production. This functional group was chosen as there is concern worldwide over pollinator decline, particularly in regions of high levels of endemism of both flora and fauna such as the CFR. Species richness and abundance of bees and monkey beetles were sampled and compared between organic and conventional vineyards, with natural vegetation as reference habitat. Species richness of monkey beetles, but not the species richness of bees, benefited from organic compared to conventional vineyard management. Our findings support the hypothesis that the effects of landscape context and management may be taxon dependent. Monkey beetles have been suggested as strong indicators of disturbance. These beetles are among the most important pollinator guilds in the CFR, as they help to sustain the endemic vegetation of this region. Protection of the remaining natural habitat in close proximity to farmland is an imperative conservation strategy in this region.