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采用土培试验,分析了小白菜(Brassica campestris L.)的发芽率、生物量和根长指标对3种抗生素胁迫的敏感性,比较了不同土壤中四环素类抗生素污染对小白菜根长生长的影响,并研究了四环素类抗生素在不同土壤中的降解特性.结果表明,小白菜对3种抗生素的敏感性为根长发芽率生物量.抗生素处理土壤30 d时,4种土壤中小白菜根长对3种抗生素胁迫的敏感性均为砖红壤红壤青紫泥黑土;同种抗生素在4种土壤中的降解率为黑土青紫泥红壤砖红壤,同种土壤中3种抗生素的降解率为土霉素金霉素四环素.相关性分析发现,土壤中四环素类抗生素的含量与土壤有机质、氮磷钾含量和阳离子交换量呈显著负相关. 相似文献
75.
The Influence of Mycorrhiza on Uranium and Phosphorus Uptake by Barley Plants from a Field-contaminated Soil (7 pp) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Chen B Zhu YG Zhang X Jakobsen I 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(6):325-331
Background Recent studies indicated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play important roles in plant accumulation of uranium (U)
from contaminated environments, but the impacts of fertilization practices on functioning of the symbiotic associations, which
are crucial factors influencing plant nutrition and growth responses to mycorrhiza, have rarely been considered.
Materials and Methods In a greenhouse experiment, a bald root barley mutant (brb) together with the wild type (wt) were used to test the role of
root hairs and AMF in uranium (U) uptake by host plants from a U contaminated soil. Nil, 20 and 60 mg KH2PO4-P kg–1 soil were
included to investigate the influences of phosphorus (P) fertilization on plant growth and accumulation of U.
Results Dry matter yield of barley plants increased with increasing P additions and wt produced significantly higher dry weight than
brb. Mycorrhiza markedly improved dry matter yield of both genotypes grown at nil P, whereas only brb responded positively
to mycorrhiza at 20 mg P kg-1. At the highest P level, mycorrhiza resulted in growth depressions in both genotypes, except
for the roots of wt. In general, plant P concentrations increased markedly with increasing P additions and in response to
mycorrhiza.
Mycorrhiza and P additions had no significant effects on shoot U concentrations. However, root U concentrations in both genotypes
were significantly increased by mycorrhiza. On the other hand, shoot U contents increased with increasing P levels, while
20 mg P kg-1 stimulated, but 60 mg P kg-1 marginally affected the U accumulation in roots. Root length specific U uptake was
moderately enhanced both by root hairs and strongly enhanced by mycorrhiza. Moreover, non-inoculated plants generally had
higher shoot-root ratios of U content than the corresponding inoculated controls.
Conclusion Our study shows that AMF and root hairs improves not only P acquisition but also the root uptake of U, and mycorrhiza generally
decreases U translocation from plant root to shoot. Hence, mycorrhiza is of potential use in the phytostabilization of U contaminated
environments.
Perspectives The complex impacts of P on U accumulation by barley plants suggested that U behavior in mycorrhizosphere and translocation
along the soil-fungi-plant continuum as affected by fertilization practices deserve extensive studies for optimizing the function
of mycorrhizal associations for phytoremediation purposes. 相似文献
76.
蚕豆根尖微核技术监测农药污染的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
实验应用蚕豆根尖微核技术对农药2,4-D和甲胺磷进行诱变性研究,结果表明:农药2,4-D和甲胺磷达到一定浓度时即成为诱变污染物,能明显诱发蚕豆根尖微核率的增高,在一定范围内显示出较好的剂量效应关系,说明蚕豆根尖微核技术是监测环境污染的一种有效方法。 相似文献
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The fate of organic chemicals in the soil-plant-atmosphere environment and the governing processes were studied with a coupled dynamic soil transport and plant compartment model. Scenarios with applications of pesticides on sand and loam soils with chemical uptake in barley and wheat were used in the model calculations. Root uptake and concentrations in the plant compartments stem, leave and fruit were calculated for the pesticides terbuthylazine, isoproturon and carbofuran.
The effectivity of uptake from soils with different soil sorption coefficients had been shown for sand and loam soils. The processes degradation in plant and volatilization from leaves to atmosphere are especially effective for carbofuran and terbuthylazine. Although the concentrations in corn at harvest are lower than the maximum allowed concentrations, the peak concentrations in the course of the vegetation period are significantly higher (factor ≤ 200). 相似文献
80.
根系分泌物及其在植物营养中的作用 总被引:28,自引:3,他引:28
论述了根系分泌物的种类和影响因素,根系分泌物在植物营养中的调节作用、异种克生作用,根系分泌物与根际微生物的相互作用。在铁胁迫条件下,许多高等植物都能产生一系列生理和形态方面的适应性反应,禾本科植物通过根际特定分泌物——麦根酸类物质来自动调节其体内的铁营养状况;在磷胁迫条件下,根系分泌的低分子有机酸种类主要有柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸和苹果酸,它们在植物根际的富集能明显促进土壤中磷的释放,提高作物对磷的吸收,缓解植物的磷胁迫;在锌胁迫条件下,双子叶植物的根系分泌物对锌的活化作用不明显,而禾本科植物的根系分泌物可以活化石灰性土壤中难溶性锌。 相似文献